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在头文件<math.h>中定义



float       remquof( float x, float y, int *quo );

(1)

(since C99)

double      remquo( double x, double y, int *quo );

(2)

(since C99)

long double remquol( long double x, long double y, int *quo );

(3)

(since C99)

Defined in header <tgmath.h>



#define remquo( x, y, quo )

(4)

(since C99)

1-3)x/y根据remainder()函数计算除法运算的浮点余数。此外,符号和至少三个最后的比特x/y将被存储在其中quo,足以确定一段时间内结果的八分之一。

4)类型 - 通用宏:如果任何非指针参数具有类型long doubleremquol则被调用。否则,如果任何非指针参数具有整数类型或具有类型doubleremquo则被调用。否则,remquof被调用。

参数

x,y

-

浮点值

quo

-

指向一个整数值的指针来存储符号和x / y的一些位

返回值

如果成功,则返回除法的浮点余x/y中定义remainder,并存储,在*quo,符号和至少三个的至少显著位x/y(正式地说,存储其符号是符号的值x/y,其大小是全等模2n

x/y其中n是大于或等于3的实现定义的整数的整数商数的大小)。

如果y为零,则存储的值*quo未指定。

如果发生域错误,则返回实现定义的值(NaN,如果支持)。

如果由于下溢而发生范围错误,如果支持子正常则返回正确的结果。

如果y为零,但域错误不会发生,则返回零。

错误处理

按照math_errhandling中的指定报告错误。

如果y为零,则可能会出现域错误。

如果实现支持IEEE浮点运算(IEC 60559),

  • 当前的舍入模式不起作用。

  • FE_INEXACT 从未被提出

  • 如果x是±∞并且y不是NaN,则返回并FE_INVALID提升NaN

  • 如果y是±0并且x不是NaN,则返回并FE_INVALID提升NaN

  • 如果是x或者y是NaN,则返回NaN

笔记

如果x是无限的或者y是零,POSIX要求发生域错误。

这个函数在实现周期函数时非常有用,该周期函数的周期可以精确地表示为一个浮点值:当计算一个非常大的sin(πx)时xsin直接调用可能会导致大的错误,但是如果函数参数首先被减少remquo,可以使用商的低位比特来确定该周期内结果的符号和八分之一,而余数可以用于以高精度计算该值。

在某些平台上,该操作由硬件支持(例如,在Intel CPU上,FPREM1精确度仅为3位)。

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h>#include <fenv.h>
 #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
double cos_pi_x_naive(double x){
    double pi = acos(-1);    return cos(pi * x);}// the period is 2, values are (0;0.5) positive, (0.5;1.5) negative, (1.5,2) positivedouble cos_pi_x_smart(double x){
    int quadrant;
    double rem = remquo(x, 1, &quadrant);
    quadrant = (unsigned)quadrant % 4; // keep 2 bits to determine quadrant
 
    double pi = acos(-1);    switch(quadrant) {        case 0: return cos(pi * rem);        case 1: return -cos(pi * rem);        case 2: return -cos(pi * rem);        case 3: return cos(pi * rem);    };}int main(void){    printf("cos(pi * 0.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_naive(0.25));    printf("cos(pi * 1.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_naive(1.25));    printf("cos(pi * 1000000000000.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_naive(1000000000000.25));    printf("cos(pi * 1000000000001.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_naive(1000000000001.25));    printf("cos(pi * 1000000000000.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_smart(1000000000000.25));    printf("cos(pi * 1000000000001.25) = %f\n", cos_pi_x_smart(1000000000001.25));    // error handling    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    int quo;    printf("remquo(+Inf, 1) = %.1f\n", remquo(INFINITY, 1, &quo));    if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts("    FE_INVALID raised");}

可能的输出:

cos(pi * 0.25) = 0.707107cos(pi * 1.25) = -0.707107cos(pi * 1000000000000.25) = 0.707123cos(pi * 1000000000001.25) = -0.707117cos(pi * 1000000000000.25) = 0.707107cos(pi * 1000000000001.25) = -0.707107 remquo(+Inf, 1) = -nan
    FE_INVALID raised

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.12.10.3遥控功能(p:255)

    • 7.25类型通用数学<tgmath.h>(p:373-375)

    • F.10.7.3遥控功能(p:529)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.12.10.3遥控功能(p:236)

    • 7.22类型通用数学<tgmath.h>(p:335-337)

    • F.9.7.3遥控功能(p:465)

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