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Algorithms Algorithms（算法）bsearch bsearch_s qsort qsort_s Atomic operations Atomic operations library（原子操作库）ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREE atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_exchange atomic_exchange_explicit atomic_fetch_add atomic_fetch_add_explicit atomic_fetch_and atomic_fetch_and_explicit atomic_fetch_or atomic_fetch_or_explicit atomic_fetch_sub atomic_fetch_sub_explicit atomic_fetch_xor atomic_fetch_xor_explicit atomic_flag atomic_flag_clear atomic_flag_clear_explicit ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT atomic_flag_test_and_set atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit atomic_init atomic_is_lock_free atomic_load atomic_load_explicit atomic_signal_fence atomic_store atomic_store_explicit atomic_thread_fence（线程围栏）ATOMIC_VAR_INIT kill_dependency memory_order（内存排序）C keywords auto（自动存储）break（跳出循环）C keywords（关键词）case char const（常量修饰符）continue default（预设运算式）do double（双精度浮点型）else enum（枚举类型）extern（全局变量）float（浮点数）for fortran goto（goto语句）if（if语句）inline（行内函式）int long（长整型）register（寄存器变量）restrict（ restrict类型限定符）return short signed sizeof（sizeof运算符）static（静态变量）struct（结构体）switch（switch语句）typedef（typedef关键字）union（联合体）unsigned（无符号）void（空类型）volatile（volatile变量）while（while语句）_Alignas _Alignof _Atomic _Bool _Complex _Generic _Imaginary _Noreturn _Static_assert _Thread_local C language #define directive #elif directive #else directive #endif directive #error directive #if directive #ifdef directive #ifndef directive #include directive #line directive #pragma directive alignas（对齐指定符）Alternative operators and tokens（替代运算符和令牌）Analyzability Arithmetic operators Arithmetic types Array declaration（数组声明）Array initialization（阵列初始化）ASCII Chart Assignment operators（赋值运算符）types（atomic类型限定符）Basic concepts Bit fields（位域）break statement C language C Operator Precedence cast operator character constant（字符字面量）Comments（注释符）Comparison operators（比较运算符）compound literals（符合字面量）Conditional inclusion（条件包含）Conformance（一致性）const type qualifier（const 限定符）Constant expressions（常量表达）continue statement Declarations（声明）do-while loop Enumerations（枚举类型）Escape sequences（转义字符）Expressions（表达式）External and tentative definitions（外部和暂定的定义）File scope（文件范围）floating constant（浮点常量）for loop Function declarations（函数声明）Function definitions（函数声明）Functions Generic selection泛型选择 goto statement Identifier（标示符）if statement Implicit conversions（隐式转换）Increment/decrement operators（前置/后置操作符）Initialization（初始化）inline function specifier（内联函式）integer constant Lifetime（生命期）Logical operators（逻辑运算符）Lookup and name spaces Main function（主函式）Member access operators（会员接入运营商）Memory model Objects and alignment（字节对齐）Order of evaluation（评估顺序）Other operators Phases of translation（翻译阶段）Pointer declaration Preprocessor（预处理）restrict type qualifier（restrict类型限定符）return statement Scalar initialization（标量类型初始化）Scope（范围）sizeof operator（sizeof运算符）Statements（陈述）static assert declaration（静态断言声明）Static storage duration（静态存储周期）Storage-class specifiers（存储类说明符）string literals（字符串字面量）Struct and union initialization（结构体与联合体初始化）Struct declaration（结构体声明）switch statement Thread storage duration（线程存储时间）Type Type（类型）Typedef declaration（Typedef声明）Undefined behavior（未定义行为）Union declaration（联合体声明）Value categories（值类别）Variadic arguments（变长参数宏）volatile type qualifier（volatile 类型限定符）while loop _Alignof operator _Noreturn function specifier Date and time asctime（asctime函数）asctime_s clock CLOCKS_PER_SEC clock_t ctime（ctime函数）ctime_s Date and time utilities（日期和时间库）difftime（计算两个时间的间隔）gmtime gmtime_s localtime localtime_s mktime（将时间结构数据转换成经过的秒数的函数）strftime（格式化输出时间函数）time timespec timespec_get time_t tm wcsftime（格式化时间宽字符）Dynamic memory management aligned_alloc C memory management library（内存管理库）calloc free（释放动态分配空间的函数）malloc（动态分配内存空间的函数）realloc（重新分配内存空间的函数）Error handling abort_handler_s assert（断言）constraint_handler_t errno（错误报告）Error handling（错误处理）Error numbers（错误个数）ignore_handler_s set_constraint_handler_s static_assert File input/output clearerr（清除/复位）fclose feof ferror fflush（清空文件缓冲区）fgetc fgetpos fgets fgetwc fgetws File input/output fopen fopen_s fprintf fprintf_s fputc fputs fputwc fputws fread freopen freopen_s fscanf fscanf_s fseek fsetpos ftell fwide fwprintf fwprintf_s fwrite fwscanf fwscanf_s getc getchar gets gets_s getwchar perror printf printf_s putc putchar puts putwc putwchar remove rename rewind scanf scanf_s setbuf setvbuf snprintf sprintf sscanf sscanf_s swprintf swprintf_s swscanf swscanf_s tmpfile tmpfile_s tmpnam tmpnam_s ungetc ungetwc vfprintf vfprintf_s vfscanf vfscanf_s vfwprintf vfwprintf_s vfwscanf vfwscanf_s vprintf vprintf_s vscanf vscanf_s vsnprintf vsprintf vsscanf vsscanf_s vswprintf vswprintf_s vswscanf vswscanf_s vwprintf vwprintf_s vwscanf vwscanf_s wprintf wprintf_s wscanf wscanf_s Localization support lconv LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME localeconv Localization support setlocale Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start

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文字

转义序列用于表示字符串文字和字符常量中的某些特殊字符。

以下转义序列可用。如果反斜杠后面跟着没有列出的任何字符，则 ISO C 需要诊断：

Escape sequence	Description	Representation
\'	single quote	byte 0x27 (in ASCII encoding)
\"	double quote	byte 0x22 (in ASCII encoding)
\?	question mark	byte 0x3f (in ASCII encoding)
\	backslash	byte 0x5c (in ASCII encoding)
\a	audible bell	byte 0x07 (in ASCII encoding)
\b	backspace	byte 0x08 (in ASCII encoding)
\f	form feed - new page	byte 0x0c (in ASCII encoding)
\n	line feed - new line	byte 0x0a (in ASCII encoding)
\r	carriage return	byte 0x0d (in ASCII encoding)
\t	horizontal tab	byte 0x09 (in ASCII encoding)
\v	vertical tab	byte 0x0b (in ASCII encoding)
\nnn	arbitrary octal value	byte nnn
\xnn	arbitrary hexadecimal value	byte nn
\unnnn	Unicode character that is not in the basic character set.May result in several characters.	code point U+nnnn
\Unnnnnnnn	Unicode character that is not in the basic character set.May result in several characters.	code point U+nnnnnnnn

注意

在八进制转义序列中，\0它是最有用的，因为它代表以空字符结尾的字符串中的终止空字符。

换行字符\n在文本模式 I / O 中使用时有特殊含义：将其转换为特定于 OS 的换行字节或字节序列。

八进制转义序列的长度限制为三个八进制数字，但如果遇到较早遇到的第一个字符不是有效的八进制数字，则会终止。

十六进制转义序列没有长度限制，并且终止于不是有效的十六进制数字的第一个字符。如果由单个十六进制转义序列所表示的值不适合通过在此字符串文字或字符常量使用的字符类型表示的值的范围（char，char16_t，char32_t，或wchar_t），其结果是不确定的。

在狭窄的字符串中的通用字符名文字或16位的字符串文字可以映射到一个以上的字符，例如\U0001f34c是4个char在UTF-8代码单元（\xF0\x9F\x8D\x8C）和2个char16_t代码单元在UTF-16（ \uD83C\uDF4C））。

问号转义序列\?用于防止在字符串文本中解释三字符：一个字符串，例如"??/"编译为"\"，但如果第二个问号被转义，如 "?\?/"，则它变成"??/"

例

#include <stdio.h>
 int main(void){    printf("This\nis\na\ntest\n\nShe said, \"How are you?\"\n");}

输出：

This
is
a
test
 
She said, "How are you?"

参考

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

5.2.2 Character display semantics (p: 24-25)
6.4.4.4 Character constants (p: 67-70)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

5.2.2 Character display semantics (p: 19-20)
6.4.4.4 Character constants (p: 59-61)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

2.2.2 Character display semantics
3.1.3.4 Character constants

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