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supportsetlocaleNumericsabsacosacosfacoshacoshfacoshlacoslasinasinfasinhasinhfasinhlasinlatanatan2atan2fatan2latanfatanhatanhfatanhlatanlcabscabsfcabslcacoscacosfcacoshcacoshfcacoshlcacoslcargcargfcarglcasincasinfcasinhcasinhfcasinhlcasinlcatancatanfcatanhcatanhfcatanhlcatanlcbrtcbrtfcbrtlccosccosfccoshccoshfccoshlccoslceilceilfceillcexpcexpfcexplcimagcimagfcimaglclogclogfcloglCMPLXCMPLXFCMPLXLCommon mathematical functionscomplexComplex number arithmeticconjconjfconjlcopysigncopysignfcopysignlcoscosfcoshcoshfcoshlcoslcpowcpowfcpowlcprojcprojfcprojlcrealcrealfcreallcsincsinfcsinhcsinhfcsinhlcsinlcsqrtcsqrtfcsqrtlctanctanfctanhctanhfctanhlctanldivdouble_terferfcerfcferfclerfferflexpexp2exp2fexp2lexpfexplexpm1expm1fexpm1lfabsfabsffabslfdimfeclearexceptfegetenvfegetexceptflagfegetroundfeholdexceptferaiseexceptfesetenvfesetexceptflagfesetroundfetestexceptfeupdateenvFE_ALL_EXCEPTFE_DFL_ENVFE_DIVBYZEROFE_DOWNWARDFE_INEXACTFE_INVALIDFE_OVERFLOWFE_TONEARESTFE_TOWARDZEROFE_UNDERFLOWFE_UPWARDFloating-point 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generationrandRAND_MAXremainderremainderfremainderlremquoremquofremquolrintrintfrintlroundroundfroundlscalblnscalblnfscalblnlscalbnscalbnfscalbnlsignbitsinsinfsinhsinhfsinhlsinlsqrtsqrtfsqrtlsrandtantanftanhtanhftanhltanltgammatgammaftgammaltrunctruncftrunclType-generic math_Complex_I_Imaginary_IProgram supportabortatexitat_quick_exitexitEXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSgetenvgetenv_sjmp_buflongjmpProgram support utilitiesquick_exitraisesetjmpSIGABRTSIGFPESIGILLSIGINTsignalSIGSEGVSIGTERMsig_atomic_tSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNsystem_ExitStringsatofatoiatolatollbtowcc16rtombc32rtombchar16_tchar32_tisalnumisalphaisblankiscntrlisdigitisgraphislowerisprintispunctisspaceisupperiswalnumiswalphaiswblankiswcntrliswctypeiswdigitiswgraphiswloweriswprintiswpunctiswspaceiswupperiswxdigitisxdigitmblenmbrlenmbrtoc16mbrtoc32mbrtowcmbsinitmbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_smbstate_tmbstowcsmbstowcs_smbtowcmemchrmemcmpmemcpymemcpy_smemmovememmove_smemsetmemset_sNull-terminated byte stringsNull-terminated multibyte 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每个C程序编码在托管执行环境中运行都包含被调用函数的定义(不是原型),该函数main是程序的指定开始。

int main (void) { body }

(1)


int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { body }

(2)


int main (int argc, char *argv[] , other_parameters ) { body }

(3)


/* another implementation-defined signature */

(4)


参数

ARGC

-

非负值,表示从运行程序的环境传递给程序的参数数量。

ARGV

-

指向由空字符结尾的多字节字符串组成的指针数组,这些字符串表示从执行环境(argv0到argvargc-1)传递给程序的参数。argvargc的值保证为0。

body

-

主要功能的主体

other_parameters

-

实现可能允许主函数的其他形式。一个非常常见的扩展是传递char * []类型的第三个参数,指向执行环境变量的指针数组。

名称argcargv是任意的,以及参数类型的表示:int main(int ac, char** av)是同样有效。

返回值

如果使用return语句,则返回值将用作隐式调用的参数exit()(请参阅下面的详细信息)。值为零并EXIT_SUCCESS表示终止成功,该值EXIT_FAILURE表示不成功终止。

说明

main在所有具有静态存储持续时间的对象被初始化之后,程序启动时会调用该函数。它是在托管环境(即操作系统)中执行的程序的指定入口点。任何独立程序(引导加载程序,操作系统内核等)的入口点的名称和类型都是实现定义的。

主函数的双参数形式的参数允许从执行环境传递任意多字节字符串(这些通常称为命令行参数)。指针argv[1] .. argv[argc-1]指向每个字符串中的第一个字符。argv[0]是一个指向空字符结尾多字节字符串的初始字符的指针,它表示用于调用程序本身的名称(或者,如果执行环境不支持它,argv0保证为零)。

如果执行环境无法区分大写字母和小写字母,则命令行参数会转换为小写字母。

这些字符串是可修改的,任何修改都会一直存在,直到程序终止,尽管这些修改不会传播回执行环境:例如,可以使用它们strtok

所指向的数组的大小argv至少为argc+1,最后一个元素argv[argc]保证为空指针。

main函数有几个特殊的属性:

1)该功能的原型不能由程序提供

2)如果主函数的返回类型与之兼容int,那么从初始调用返回到main(但不是从任何后续递归调用返回)相当于执行该exit函数,其值为主函数作为参数返回传递(然后调用注册的函数atexit,刷新并关闭所有流,并删除创建的文件tmpfile,并将控制权返回给执行环境)。

3)如果主函数的返回类型与int(eg void main(void))不兼容,则返回到执行环境的值未指定

4)main函数的主体不需要包含返回语句:如果控制到达main没有遇到return语句的结尾,效果就是执行return 0;

演示如何通知程序哪里可以找到它的输入以及在哪里编写结果。

Invocation: ./a.out indatafile outdatafile.

#include <stdio.h>
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){    printf("argc = %d\n", argc);
    int ndx = 0;    while (ndx < argc)    {          printf("argv[%d] --> %s\n", ndx,argv[ndx]);          ++ndx;    }    printf("argv[argc] = %s\n", argv[argc]);    return 0;}

可能的输出:

argc = 3argv[0] --> ./a.out
argv[1] --> indatafile
argv[2] --> outdatafile
argv[argc] = (null)

参考

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

    • 5.1.2.2.1 Program startup (p: 13)

  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

    • 5.1.2.2.1 Program startup (p: 12)

  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

    • 2.1.2.2 Hosted environment

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