Deeply master the underlying development principles and new features of PHP8: how to create scalable applications

In-depth mastery of the underlying development principles and new features of PHP8: how to create scalable applications

Introduction
With the development of Internet technology, PHP has become the most popular One of the most popular web development languages. The latest version of the PHP language, PHP8, has made many improvements and optimizations in terms of underlying development principles and new features, allowing developers to better create scalable applications. This article will take you to deeply explore the underlying development principles and new features of PHP8, and give code examples to help you better understand.

1. Improvement of the underlying development principles of PHP8

1. Introduction of JIT compiler
   PHP8 introduces the JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler, by converting PHP code By using local machine code, the execution speed of PHP code has been significantly improved. The use of the JIT compiler can be demonstrated through the following code example:

<?php
# Enable JIT compiler
ini_set('opcache.enable', 1);
ini_set('opcache.jit_buffer_size', 100M);
ini_set('opcache.jit', 1205);

# Your PHP code here
?>

2. Introducing type declarations for attributes
   PHP8 allows types to be declared on attributes of a class, which means that attributes only Can accept specific data types. The following is an example of a property type declaration:

<?php
class Example {
    public int $number = 0;
}

$example = new Example();
$example->number = "test"; // 这里会报错，因为指定了属性的类型为int，不能赋值一个字符串
?>

3. Introduction of stricter type checking
   PHP8 introduced some stricter type checking rules, such as the use of strict comparison operators ( ===), and disallows the use of assignment operators in conditional statements. The following is a sample code:

<?php
$age = '18';

if ($age === 18) {
    echo "成年了";
}

if ($age = 18) { // 这里会报错，因为在条件语句中不能使用赋值运算符
    echo "成年了";
}
?>

2. New features of PHP8: How to create scalable applications

1. Attributes Features
   Attributes is a feature introduced in PHP8 A new feature that can be used to define metadata in code. By using Attributes, you can add additional information to classes, methods, properties, etc., such as annotations, validation rules, etc. The following is an example of using Attributes:

<?php
#[Route("/user/{id}", methods: ["GET"])]
class UserController {
    #[Inject]
    private UserService $userService;

    #[Authorize(roles: ["admin"])]
    public function getUser(int $id): User {
        // 代码逻辑
    }
}
?>

2. Union type
   PHP8 introduced the Union type, allowing one variable to accept multiple different data types. The following is an example of using the Union type:

<?php
function processInput(int|string $input): void {
    // 代码逻辑
}

processInput("test"); // 正确，因为$input可以是int或string类型
processInput(123); // 正确，因为$input可以是int或string类型
processInput(1.23); // 报错，因为$input只能是int或string类型
?>

Conclusion
The underlying development principles and new features of PHP8 provide developers with more powerful and efficient tools to create scalable applications much easier. Through in-depth study and understanding of these contents, combined with code examples in actual projects, developers can better utilize the new features of PHP8 to improve development efficiency and code quality. I hope this article is helpful to you, please leave a message below for discussion.

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