Which layer of protocol does tcp belong to?

tcp is the "transport layer" protocol. TCP refers to "Transmission Control Protocol", which is a connection-oriented, reliable, byte stream-based transport layer communication protocol. TCP complements the Internet Protocol. It defines the IP address used to identify systems on the Internet. It mainly Ensure end-to-end data transfer between different nodes.

The operating system for this tutorial: Windows 10 system, DELL G3 computer.

TCP protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented and reliable protocol. It is designed for reliable data transmission between hosts in a computer network. The TCP protocol belongs to the transport layer in the network layer protocol. It is in the fourth layer of the OSI model, the transport layer, and is a point-to-point protocol.

tcp refers to "Transmission Control Protocol", which is a connection-oriented, reliable, byte stream-based transport layer communication protocol. TCP complements the Internet Protocol , which defines the IP address used to identify systems on the Internet, mainly ensuring end-to-end data transmission between different nodes.

The TCP/IP hierarchical model is divided into the following four layers:

1. Application layer, corresponding to the high level of the OSI reference model, provides users with various services required;

2. Transport layer, which provides end-to-end communication functions for application layer entities, ensuring the sequential transmission of data packets and data integrity;

3. Network layer, responsible for communication between adjacent nodes Communication;

4. Network interface layer, responsible for monitoring the exchange of data between the host and the network.

As a reliable protocol, the TCP protocol provides many important functions. First, it provides reliability of data transmission. This means that the TCP protocol can guarantee the correctness and integrity of data. In order to achieve reliable transmission, the TCP protocol introduces technologies such as sequence numbers, confirmation responses, and retransmission mechanisms to ensure the reliability of data.

Secondly, the TCP protocol provides congestion control. Congestion control refers to the mechanism in the network to prevent excessive data injection from causing network congestion. By monitoring network conditions, the TCP protocol can dynamically adjust the rate at which data is sent to avoid network congestion, thereby improving network stability and reliability.

In addition, the TCP protocol also provides flow control. Flow control refers to a mechanism that adjusts the data transmission rate between the sender and the receiver to prevent the sender from sending too much data to the receiver that the receiver cannot process. Through flow control, the TCP protocol can ensure that the sender does not exceed the processing capabilities of the receiver, thereby ensuring reliable transmission of data.

Although the TCP protocol provides important functions such as reliable transmission, congestion control, and flow control, it also has some limitations. For example, the reliability and complexity of the TCP protocol can lead to higher transmission delays. In addition, in scenarios of real-time communication and large-scale concurrent connections, the performance of the TCP protocol may be limited.

However, despite these limitations, the TCP protocol is still widely used in various Internet applications. For example, WWW (World Wide Web) is based on the TCP protocol. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), as the protocol of WWW, uses TCP protocol at the bottom layer to achieve reliable transmission of data. In addition, the TCP protocol is also widely used in email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Remote Login Protocol (Telnet), etc.

Summary:

As a connection-oriented and reliable transmission protocol, the TCP protocol is a protocol in the transport layer. It ensures the stability and reliability of network communications by providing functions such as reliable transmission, congestion control, and flow control. Although the TCP protocol has some limitations, it is still widely used in various Internet applications and plays an important role

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