How to use Laravel to implement permission management for front-end and back-end separation applications

Laravel is one of the most popular PHP frameworks currently, which provides powerful support for the development of web applications. The Laravel framework also provides very good support for the front-end and back-end separation development model, which can help developers develop more efficiently. In applications with front-end and back-end separation, permission management is a very important part. This article will introduce how to use Laravel to implement permission management of front-end and back-end separation applications.

1. What is a front-end and back-end separation application?

The front-end and back-end separation application refers to separating the technology used by the front end from the technology used by the back end. The front end and back end are no longer a whole, but communicate through API interfaces. The front-end is usually implemented using JavaScript frameworks, while the back-end is implemented using languages ​​such as PHP and Java.

In a front-end and back-end separation application, the front-end and back-end are each responsible for their own business logic. The front-end is responsible for the implementation of the UI interface and user interaction, and the back-end is responsible for data processing and the implementation of business logic. Because front-end and back-end separation applications separate the front-end and back-end, it allows developers to focus more on their areas of expertise, thereby improving development efficiency.

2. Why do we need permission management?

In applications, access control is a very important aspect. If there is no effective access control, it is easy for attackers to exploit vulnerabilities to perform illegal operations, such as modifying data, deleting data, etc. Therefore, it is very necessary to add permission management to the application.

Permission management refers to the management of the permissions of each role in the system. Usually some fixed roles are defined, such as administrators, ordinary users, etc., each role has different functional permissions. Administrators have the highest authority and can operate on all data in the system; ordinary users can only perform some basic operations.

In front-end and back-end separation applications, the commonly used permission management method is Token permission management. The front-end needs to carry the Token when sending a request, and the back-end verifies the Token to determine whether the user has access rights. Therefore, every request received from the front end requires token verification.

3. How to realize permission management of front-end and back-end separated applications?

In the Laravel framework, permission management is usually implemented through Laratrust. Laratrust is a very easy-to-use Laravel permission management library. It can be used to implement role management and permission management very conveniently.

The following are the steps on how to use Laratrust to implement permission management for front-end and back-end separated applications:

1. Install Laratrust

Install using Composer in the Laravel project Laratrust library:

composer require santigarcor/laratrust

2. Run Laratrust release command

Publish Laratrust configuration files, migration files, etc.:

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider" --tag="laratrust"

3. Run Laratrust migration command

Run the Laratrust migration command to generate Role, Permission, Role_User and other tables:

php artisan migrate

4. Configure Laratrust

In config/auth.php In the file, configure guard as api:

'guards' => [
    'web' => [
        'driver' => 'session',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],

    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'token',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

In the config/laratrust.php file, define roles and permissions:

'roles' => [
    'admin' => 'Admin',
    'user' => 'User',
],

'permissions' => [
    'create-post' => 'Create Post',
    'update-post' => 'Update Post',
    'delete-post' => 'Delete Post',
],

5. Create Token

In UserController, add a method for creating Token:

public function createToken(Request $request)
{
    $user = $request->user();
    $token = $user->createToken('api_token')->accessToken;
    return [$token];
}

6. Add Token middleware

In the app/Http/Kernel.php file, add a Token Middleware:

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    // ...
    'token' => \App\Http\Middleware\TokenMiddleware::class,
];

In the app/Http/Middleware/TokenMiddleware.php file, verify the Token:

public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
    $token = $request->header('Authorization');
    if (!$token) {
        return response(['message' => 'Token not provided'], 401);
    }
    $user = User::where('api_token', $token)->first();
    if (!$user) {
        return response(['message' => 'Invalid token'], 401);
    }
    return $next($request);
}

7. Use Token middleware in routing

In the routing, add the Token middleware:

Route::group(['middleware' => ['token', 'role:admin']], function () {
    Route::post('/posts', 'PostController@store');
    Route::put('/posts/{post}', 'PostController@update');
    Route::delete('/posts/{post}', 'PostController@destroy');
});

In the above code, each request needs to be verified through the Token middleware, and it needs to be verified whether it has admin role permissions.

4. Summary

This article introduces how to use Laravel to realize permission management of front-end and back-end separation applications. Role management and permission management can be easily implemented using the Laratrust library, and Token middleware can be used to verify each request to ensure the security of the application.

In actual development, permission management is a very necessary part and needs to be flexibly configured according to actual needs. I hope this article can help developers who need to implement permission management.

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