How do I discard changes in my working directory (revert to the last commit)?

TocloneaGitrepository,ensureGitisinstalledbycheckingwithgit--versionandinstallingifneeded.(1)Setupyourusernameandemailusinggitconfig.(2)UsegitclonefollowedbytherepositoryURLtocreatealocalcopy.(3)Forprivaterepos,useSSHwithanaddedkey.(4)Optionallyspeci

To clear the entire stash list in Git, there are no direct built-in commands, but it can be done in a few steps. First run gitstashlist to view all current stash entries, and then use gitstashdropstash@{n} to delete them one by one, or use gitreflogdelete --expire-unreachable=nowrefs/stash and gitgc-prune=now to force all stashes to be cleared at once. In addition, you can also use the bash loop command whilegitstashlist|grep-q'^stash@';dogitstashdrop;d

To view Git commit history, use the gitlog command. 1. The basic usage is gitlog, which can display the submission hash, author, date and submission information; 2. Use gitlog--oneline to obtain a concise view; 3. Filter by author or submission information through --author and --grep; 4. Add -p to view code changes, --stat to view change statistics; 5. Use --graph and --all to view branch history, or use visualization tools such as GitKraken and VSCode.

Git submodule allows embedding of one Git repository as a subdirectory into another repository, suitable for references to external projects or components without merging their history. Reasons for using submodules include: managing third-party libraries with independent version control, maintaining independent development history for different parts of a project, and sharing code among multiple projects. The working principle of a submodule is: when adding a submodule, Git will record the specific submissions to be used, and the parent project only tracks the changes in the submodule, not the file changes in the submodule; the submodule needs to be initialized and updated after cloning the main repository; the submodule information is stored in the .gitmodules file and .git/config, and the actual file is located in the .git/modules/ path. Applicable scenarios include: Strict control of external dependency versions

Packfile is an efficient mechanism used by Git to package, compress and transfer repository objects. When you execute gitpush, gitfetch or gitclone, what Git actually transmits is the packfile; 1. It is initially generated by loose objects through gitgc or gitrepack commands and stored in the .git/objects/pack/ directory; 2. The packfile not only contains object data, but also records the delta relationship between objects, and achieves rapid search with index file (.idx). 3. This design reduces the transmission volume and improves synchronization efficiency; 4. A large number of small packfiles may affect performance, and can be used through gitgc or git

To delete a Git branch, first make sure it has been merged or no retention is required. Use gitbranch-d to delete the local merged branch. If you need to force delete unmerged branches, use the -D parameter. Remote branch deletion uses the gitpushorigin-deletebranch-name command, and can synchronize other people's local repositories through gitfetch-prune. 1. To delete the local branch, you need to confirm whether it has been merged; 2. To delete the remote branch, you need to use the --delete parameter; 3. After deletion, you should verify whether the branch is successfully removed; 4. Communicate with the team to avoid accidentally deleting shared branches; 5. Clean useless branches regularly to keep the warehouse clean.

ToswitchGitbranches,firstupdatethelocalrepowithgitfetch,checkexistingbrancheswithgitbranchcommands,thenusegitcheckoutorgitswitchtochangebranches,handlinguncommittedchangesbycommitting,stashing,ordiscardingthem.WhenswitchingGitbranches,ensureyourlocal

To discard the modifications in the Git working directory and return to the state of the last commit, 1. For the modifications of the tracked files, use gitcheckout-- or gitcheckout--. Discard all modifications; 2. For new files that are not tracked, use gitclean-f to delete the files. If the directory is included, use gitclean-fd. Before execution, use gitclean-fd to preview the delete content; 3. If you need to reset all changes (including the temporary storage area and the working directory), use gitreset-hard. This command will reset the working directory and the temporary storage area. Be sure to operate with caution. These methods can be used individually or in combination to achieve the purpose of cleaning up the working directory.