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How to monitor disk health smartmontools
smartmontools is a practical tool for monitoring the health status of hard disks. It can read SMART information to detect problems such as bad sectors and remapping in advance. 1. The installation method includes using apt/yum/dnf on Linux and Homebrew on macOS; 2. To check the health status, use sudosmartctl-H/dev/sdX and sudosmartctl-a/dev/sd Use
Oct 14, 2025 am 12:40 AM
How to sync files between two Linux servers with rsync
RsyncefficientlysyncsfilesbetweenLinuxserversusingSSH,transferringonlydifferencestosavebandwidth.Usersync-avforarchivemodeandverboseoutput,ensuringproperdirectorytrailingslashes.Syncremotelybyreversingsourceanddestination,enablecompressionwith-z,andu
Oct 13, 2025 am 12:44 AM
How to manage log rotation in Linux
Logrotationismanagedbylogrotate,configuredvia/etc/logrotate.confandfilesin/etc/logrotate.d/,usingdirectiveslikedaily,rotate,compress,andpostrotate;testwithlogrotate-d,forcewith-f,andrelyoncronforautomatedexecution.
Oct 13, 2025 am 12:37 AM
How to get the MAC address of a network interface in Linux
Use iplinkshoweth0 to view the MAC address. This command is recommended to obtain interface information. It can also be read directly through cat/sys/class/net/eth0/address, which is suitable for quick acquisition in scripts.
Oct 12, 2025 am 04:00 AM
How to manage USB devices on Linux
When encountering a USB device problem, you can solve it through the following steps: 1. Use lsusb, dmesg|grepusb, lsblk or fdisk-l to confirm whether the device is recognized; 2. If it is not automatically mounted, manually create a mount point and use the mount command to mount it. , execute umount first when uninstalling; 3. If you encounter permission problems, you can temporarily use sudo or permanently modify udev rules to set access permissions; 4. Advanced users can configure udisks, autofs or install usbmount to implement automatic mounting to improve daily use efficiency.
Oct 12, 2025 am 02:47 AM
How to troubleshoot high CPU usage in Linux
Startbyidentifyinghigh-CPUprocessesusingtop,htop,orpsaux--sort=-%cpu;analyzesystem-widebehaviorwithvmstat,sar,andiostattodetectI/Oorkernelissues;inspectproblematicprocessesviatop-H,strace,orperf;thenresolvebykilling,limiting,orrenicingprocesses,andmo
Oct 11, 2025 am 12:53 AM
How to redirect output to a file in Linux
Use>tooverwriteafilewithstdout,>>toappend,2>toredirectstderr,and&>or2>&1tocombinebothstreamsintoonefileforcompleteoutputlogging.
Oct 11, 2025 am 12:09 AM
How to search for text within files in Linux using grep
grep is a powerful text search tool in Linux. It supports basic search, ignores case (-i), multi-file and wildcard search, can display line numbers (-n) and context (-A/-B/-C), recursively search directories (-r), and supports regular expressions (-E), which is suitable for efficiently locating content.
Oct 10, 2025 am 02:11 AM
What are SELinux modes
SELinux has three operating modes: Enforcing, Permissive and Disabled. Enforcing is the default mode, which enforces security policies, blocks and records illegal operations, and is suitable for production environments; Permissive mode only records violations without blocking them and is used for debugging and testing; Disabled mode completely turns off SELinux and controls permissions by traditional DAC, and is not recommended for use in production environments. You can view the current mode through getenforce, view the complete status through sestatus, temporarily switch modes through setenforce, and modify the configuration file /etc/selinux/config to permanently change the mode and require a restart.
Oct 10, 2025 am 12:38 AM
How to install a desktop environment on a Linux server
ToinstalladesktopenvironmentonaLinuxserver,chooseaGUIlikeGNOME,KDE,XFCE,orLXDEbasedonresourceneeds;forDebian/Ubuntu,useaptinstallwithubuntu-desktoporxfce4,thenenablegdm3orlightdm;onRHEL/CentOS/AlmaLinux/Fedora,usednfgroupinstall"ServerwithGUI&qu
Oct 09, 2025 am 04:20 AM
How to use conditional statements in bash if case
In Bash scripts, if is suitable for simple logical judgments, and case is suitable for multi-value matching. 1. If is often used for dynamic conditions such as file existence and numerical comparison, and supports elif and else branch expansion; 2.case is more suitable for matching fixed values or patterns, such as the classification processing of user input commands, supports wildcard characters and each branch must end with;; 3. Selection basis: use if for dynamic conditions, and use case for fixed values to match.
Oct 09, 2025 am 01:17 AM
How to kill a process by PID on Linux
The methods of terminating a process through PID in Linux include: 1. Use ps or pgrep to find the process PID; 2. Use kill command to send SIGTERM (default) to try to end the process normally; 3. If there is no response, use kill-9 to send SIGKILL to force termination; 4. Multiple processes can be terminated at once or batch processing in combination with pkill; 5. After termination, it is recommended to use ps to confirm whether the process has ended. Note that you should give priority to trying ordinary kills to ensure that the process can end safely.
Oct 08, 2025 am 03:24 AM
How to measure disk I/O performance in Linux
Use dd for quick testing, fio for deep analysis, and iostat for real-time monitoring. dd can evaluate the sequential read and write speed, such as ddif=/dev/zeroof=testfilebs=1Gcount=1oflag=direct test write; fio supports multiple I/O modes, such as fio--name=randwrite--rw=randwrite--bs=4k-direct=1-iodepth=16 simulate random write IOPS; iostat-x1 checks %util, await, rkB/s and other indicators in real time to judge disk bottlenecks. Combining the three, it can comprehensively evaluate Linux disk performance.
Oct 08, 2025 am 02:09 AM
How to create software RAID array
When creating a software RAID array, you need to pay attention to preparing the disk, installing tools, selecting levels, formatting mounts, and configuration saving. First, confirm the hard disk status and install the mdadm tool. Ubuntu/Debian uses sudoaptinstallmdadm, and CentOS/RHEL uses sudoyumininstallmdadm; secondly, select the RAID level according to the needs (such as RAID0, 1, 5, 6), and execute the corresponding command to create an array, such as using /dev/sdb and /dev/sdc to create RAID1: sudomdadm--create-verbose/dev/md0--level=1-raid-devic
Oct 07, 2025 am 05:23 AM
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