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How to list all USB devices connected to Linux? (lsusb Command)
Use the lsusb command to list all USB devices in the Linux system. You can get a tree-like overview of the bus, device number, manufacturer ID, product ID and description without root privileges. Add the -v or -t option to view detailed information or physical connection topology. Use -d, grep, etc. to filter the search. Combining -v with grep can also identify bound drivers.
Dec 28, 2025 am 12:23 AM
How to Search for Text Within Files in Linux Using grep? (Regex Examples)
Usegrepwithflagslike-i(case-insensitive),-n(linenumbers),-r(recursive),-w(wholeword),-E(extendedregex),-o(onlymatchingpart),-v(invert),and-c(count)toefficientlysearchtextinfileswithoutGUItools.
Dec 27, 2025 am 04:19 AM
How to Use the rsync Command to Sync Files in Linux? (Examples Included)
rsync is a command-line tool for efficiently synchronizing files and directories. It only transmits differences and supports compression, SSH encryption and fine control. Common options include -a (archive), -v (verbose output), -z (compression), --delete (delete redundant files) and --dry-run (simulate run).
Dec 27, 2025 am 03:11 AM
How to Secure Your SSH Server on Linux? (Best Practices Guide)
SSH security hardening needs to focus on four aspects: authentication, access control, encryption, and monitoring: enable key authentication, disable password login, restrict users/IPs and modify default ports, configure strong encryption algorithms and protocol v2, and combine fail2ban and log monitoring to defend against attacks.
Dec 26, 2025 am 04:46 AM
How to change a user's password in Linux? (passwd Command)
UsethepasswdcommandtochangepasswordssecurelyinLinux:runpasswdforyourownpassword(requirescurrentpassword),orsudopasswdusernameforothers(nocurrentpasswordneeded);rootcanlock/unlockaccountswith-l/-u,forceresetonnextloginwith-e,andcheckexpiryviachage-l.
Dec 26, 2025 am 04:40 AM
How to find the IP address of a Linux server? (ifconfig and ip addr)
It is recommended to use the ipaddr command to check the Linux server IP address. ip-4addr displays the IPv4 address, and the number after inet is the IP; ifconfig has been deprecated. If you want to use it, you must first install the net-tools tool package.
Dec 25, 2025 am 01:21 AM
How to Read a File Line by Line in a Linux Bash Script? (Code Snippet)
Files in Linux Bash scripts can be read line by line using the whileread loop. This method is reliable, can handle spaces correctly, and supports standard input or redirected files; the basic usage is: whileIFS=read-rline;doecho "$line";done.
Dec 25, 2025 am 12:49 AM
How to Configure a Static IP Address in Linux? (Configuration File Example)
To configure Linux static IP, you need to choose the corresponding method according to the release version: Debian/Ubuntu uses /etc/network/interfaces, RHEL/CentOS uses /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-, and systemd system can use /etc/systemd/network/.network; after editing, restart the corresponding network service and verify.
Dec 24, 2025 am 03:23 AM
How to Install Apache Web Server on Linux? (Step-by-Step Tutorial)
Apache can be installed directly through the package manager of each Linux distribution: sudoaptinstallapache2 for Ubuntu/Debian, sudodnfinstallhttpd for RHEL/CentOS8, and sudoyuminstallhttpd for older versions. After installation, you need to start systemctl and enable auto-start at boot, configure the firewall to release the HTTP port, and finally visit the default IP verification page.
Dec 24, 2025 am 01:42 AM
How to Install and Use curl in Linux? (Practical Command Examples)
Curl is a lightweight and reliable command line data transmission tool under Linux, supporting protocols such as HTTP/HTTPS/FTP. You can check the installation through curl --version and install it with apt/dnf/yum/pacman. Common operations include obtaining web pages, saving files, following redirects, viewing header information, sending JSONPOST and downloading files.
Dec 23, 2025 am 02:24 AM
How to View System Logs in Linux with journalctl? (Useful Commands)
Journalctl is the log management command of the systemd system. It can view all logs, filter by time/service/priority/start session, supports real-time tracking (-f) and disables paging (--no-pager).
Dec 23, 2025 am 12:04 AM
How to Redirect Output in a Linux Shell? (STDOUT & STDERR Explained)
Linux output redirection can control STDOUT (normal output) and STDERR (error output) separately: > overwrite file, >> append; 2> catch errors; &> /dev/null discard all output; | pipe output; &> or > file2>&1 merge redirection.
Dec 22, 2025 am 04:30 AM
How to monitor network traffic in real-time on Linux? (iftop and nload)
iftop monitors the real-time traffic of each connection (root permission is required), and nload displays the total bandwidth at the interface level (root is not required); the former is suitable for locating high-traffic hosts or services, and the latter is suitable for quickly checking link saturation.
Dec 22, 2025 am 03:41 AM
How to use the awk command in Linux? (Pattern Scanning Examples)
Awk is a powerful text processing tool in Linux. It scans rows and matches patterns before performing operations. It is suitable for extracting, converting and summarizing structured data such as logs and CSV.
Dec 21, 2025 am 01:32 AM
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