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Article Tags
How to find out which process is using a specific port in Linux
Tofindwhichprocessusesaspecificport,usess-tulnp|grep:8080forafast,modernsolution;itshowsthePIDandprogram.Alternatively,usenetstat-tulnp|grep:8080orlsof-i:8080,withlsofrequiringinstallationonsomesystems.
Oct 29, 2025 am 03:14 AM
How to change the owner of a file in Linux
TochangefileownershipinLinux,usethechowncommand.Forexample,sudochownalicedocument.txtchangestheownertoalice.Usesudochownalice:developersproject.logtochangebothownerandgroup.Tochangeonlythegroup,usechown:developersfilenameorchgrpdevelopersfilename.For
Oct 28, 2025 am 05:05 AM
How to install Nginx on Debian Linux
Firstupdatethepackageindex,theninstallNginxusingapt,startandenabletheservicewithsystemctl,andverifybyaccessingthedefaultpageviabrowser.
Oct 28, 2025 am 03:43 AM
How to check for open ports on a Linux server
Usess-tulnpforafast,modernoverviewoflisteningportswithprocessdetails;2.Alternatively,usenetstat-tulnponoldersystemsforsimilarinfo;3.Forexternalordetailedscanning,usenmaplocalhostornmap[IP]tocheckopenportsandfirewallreachability.
Oct 27, 2025 am 02:29 AM
How to install Apache web server on CentOS Linux
After updating the system, use yum or dnf to install httpd; 2. Start and enable the Apache service; 3. Configure the firewall to allow HTTP/HTTPS; 4. Access the server IP with the browser to view the default page; 5. The website file is located in /var/www/html, and you can edit the custom content of index.html.
Oct 27, 2025 am 02:18 AM
How to troubleshoot filesystem errors
If you encounter a file system error, you can follow the following steps to repair it: 1. Check the hardware and connections, such as replacing USB interfaces, data cables, or detecting hard disk problems; 2. Use the system's own tools such as CHKDSK in Windows or fsck in Linux to repair; 3. Check the system log to locate specific error information; 4. Take preventive measures, including regular disk checks, avoiding forced power outages, keeping the system updated, and backing up important data.
Oct 26, 2025 am 04:07 AM
How to identify bottlenecks on Linux
To identify Linux system bottlenecks, you should first check the following four aspects. 1. The CPU usage is too high: Use top, htop or mpstat to check to find out the processes with high usage and optimize or limit their resource usage. 2. Insufficient memory leads to frequent swapping: check Swap usage through free-h, /proc/meminfo or vmstat, increase memory, reduce memory consuming programs or adjust swappiness parameters. 3. Disk I/O bottleneck: Use iostat-x to monitor disk utilization and response time, optimize applications, upgrade storage media, or enable caching mechanisms. 4. Network delay or bandwidth is full: analyze traffic through iftop, nload or sar-nDEV to optimize transmission
Oct 26, 2025 am 03:41 AM
How to change file permissions in Linux using chmod
The chmod command is used to modify Linux file permissions. It sets read, write, and execute permissions through symbolic mode (such as ux) or numeric mode (such as 755), corresponding to three types of users: owners, groups, and others. Proper configuration can ensure system security and collaboration requirements.
Oct 25, 2025 am 03:17 AM
How to install MySQL on a Linux server
InstallMySQLusingaptonUbuntu/Debianoryum/dnfonCentOS/RHEL.2.Startandenabletheservice.3.Runmysql_secure_installationtosetrootpasswordandenhancesecurity.4.Loginwithsudomysql-uroot-p(Ubuntu)ormysql-uroot-p(CentOS).5.Checkstatus,configuresettingsin/etc/m
Oct 25, 2025 am 01:00 AM
How to secure an SSH server on Linux
ReplacepasswordauthenticationwithSSHkeysanddisablePasswordAuthentication.2.ChangedefaultSSHporttoreduceautomatedattacks.3.Limituseraccess,disablerootlogin,andsetconnectionlimits.4.InstallandconfigureFail2Bantoblockbrute-forceattempts.Properpermission
Oct 24, 2025 am 02:38 AM
How to check kernel version on Linux
To view the Linux kernel version, you can use the following methods: 1. Use the uname-r command to directly view the currently running kernel version; 2. Use uname-a to obtain all system information including the kernel version; 3. View the /proc/version file to obtain kernel, compiler and operating system information; 4. Find system information through "Settings" or "About this PC" in the graphical interface; 5. Use dpkg--list|greplinux-image to view multiple installed kernel versions (applicable to Debian-based systems). These methods are simple and practical, and the appropriate method can be selected according to the environment.
Oct 24, 2025 am 12:28 AM
How to backup Linux system
The core of backing up a Linux system is to protect the system configuration, personal data and installed software list. 1. The most critical backup files include: /home/ (user files), /etc/ (system configuration), /var/log/ (optional log), /opt/ or /usr/local/ (custom program). 2. Recommended tools include: rsync (flexible incremental backup), tar (packaging and compression), dd (full disk image), timeshift (graphical interface restore point). rsync is recommended for daily use, tar is used for one-time backup, and dd is considered for system-level recovery. 3. To back up installed software, you need to record the installation history of the package manager. For example, use dpkg--get- for Debian/Ubuntu.
Oct 23, 2025 am 03:45 AM
How to check the health of a hard drive in Linux
UsesmartctlfromsmartmontoolstocheckdrivehealthviaS.M.A.R.T.data:installthepackage,identifythedrivewithlsblk,runsudosmartctl-H/dev/sdaforhealthstatus,viewdetailedattributeswith-A,andperformtestsusing-tshortorlong.
Oct 23, 2025 am 03:32 AM
How to check S M A R T data
Checking hard drive SMART data can detect potential problems in advance, and the method varies by system and tool. In Windows, you can enter "wmicdiskdrivegetstatus" through the command prompt or PowerShell to check the basic status; if the result is "OK", it is normal. However, this method has limited information. It is recommended to use third-party tools such as CrystalDiskInfo, which can display SMART attributes, health assessment and temperature monitoring in detail, and is suitable for daily maintenance. Linux users can use the smartctl tool. After installing smartmontools, execute "sudosmartctl-a/dev/sda" to view comprehensive data, focusing on remapped sectors.
Oct 20, 2025 am 04:42 AM
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