Research on the application of static relocation technology in software development

Study on the application of static relocation technology in software development

Abstract:
Static relocation technology is a commonly used software development technology. stage is the process of modifying the address information in the program to the final execution address. This article will explore the application of static relocation technology in software development, focusing on its application in multi-module program development, and demonstrate the actual use of static relocation technology through specific code examples.

1. Introduction
   As the demand and scale of software development continue to expand, modular design and development of programs has become a necessary method. In a multi-module program, calls and jumps between modules are inevitable, which requires the program to accurately find the entry address of each module during operation. Static relocation technology emerged as the times require, and realizes correct calls between modules by modifying the address information in the program to the final execution address.
2. Principle of static relocation technology
   Static relocation technology is mainly implemented through two steps: address collection and address modification. During the program compilation phase, the compiler will collect the addresses of all called modules and generate the corresponding address table. Then, during the linking process, the linker will correct the address table and correct the module's entry address to the final execution address to achieve correct jumps and calls.
3. Application in multi-module program development
   Static relocation technology is widely used in multi-module program development. Consider a simple example, assuming we have two modules, A and B. There is a function in module A that needs to call a function in module B. Without static relocation technology, the program cannot correctly find the entry address of the function in module B, resulting in a running error. With static relocation technology, the compiler and linker will automatically handle address correction to ensure the correctness of the calling relationship.
4. Code Example
   In order to further understand the application process of static relocation technology, we provide a simple code example. Consider the following code for two modules A and B:

Module A:

// module_A.h
void function_A();

// module_A.c
#include "module_B.h"

void function_A() {
  function_B();
}

Module B:

// module_B.h
void function_B();

// module_B.c
#include "module_B.h"

void function_B() {
  // Do something
}

When we compile and link these two modules , the compiler and linker will automatically perform static relocation. When function_B is called in module A, the compiler generates a reference to function_B and marks the location of the reference in the address table. During the linking process, the linker will correct the entry address of function_B in module B to the final execution address to ensure that the call is correct.

5. Conclusion
   The application of static relocation technology in software development is of great significance, especially in the development of multi-module programs. Through static relocation technology, it can be ensured that the program can accurately find the entry address of each module and achieve correct jumps and calls between modules. In actual development, we can take advantage of the automatic processing capabilities of modern compilers and linkers, eliminating the need for manual address correction and improving development efficiency.

References:
[1] "Dictionary of Computer Science and Technology". Higher Education Press, 2005.
[2] "Introduction to Software Engineering". Tsinghua University Press, 2014.

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