A brief analysis of the setting and use of gopath environment in go language

Go language is an efficient and reliable programming language. It is widely used in web development, system programming and other fields. When programming in Go language, setting GOPATH is a very important step. This article will introduce how to set golang's GOPATH.

1. What is GOPATH

The workspace of Go language is a directory hierarchy that contains three subdirectories: src, pkg and bin. Among them, the src subdirectory contains Go language source files, the pkg subdirectory contains compiled library files (that is, .a files), and the bin subdirectory contains compiled executable files.

GOPATH is the workspace of Go language.

2. Set GOPATH

1. First, you need to set a working directory, such as /home/user/dev/gopath.

2. Open the terminal and enter the following command:

   $ export GOPATH=/home/user/dev/gopath

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   The following path is your working directory path. The export command is used here to set the GOPATH variable as a global variable so that you can use different GOPATH in different terminals.

3. Next, enter the following commands in the terminal to create the necessary subdirectories

   $ mkdir -p $GOPATH/{src,pkg,bin}

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   This will create three subdirectories: src, pkg, and bin. These three subdirectories It is a required directory for Go development.

4. Finally, verify that GOPATH is set correctly. Enter the following command in the terminal:

   $ go env GOPATH

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   If the output is the GOPATH path you set, it means the setting is successful.

3. Use of GOPATH

1. Create a project in the src subdirectory under the GOPATH directory:

   Create your project in the $GOPATH/src directory, for example: $GOPATH/src/hello. Add the main.go file in this directory and write your code.

2. Edit and run the code:

   In the $GOPATH/src/hello directory, use the following command to run the code:

   $ go run main.go

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3. Build the project:

   In the $GOPATH/src/hello directory, use the following command to build the project:

   $ go build

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   Running the above command will generate a file named hello in the $GOPATH/bin directory An executable file that runs the program.

4. Installation project:

   In the $GOPATH/src/hello directory, use the following command to install the project:

   $ go install

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   Running the above command will cause $ An executable file named hello is generated in the GOPATH/bin directory, which can be run directly.

4. Notes on GOPATH

1. GOPATH needs to be set in the environment variable.
2. If you plan to develop multiple projects, each project will need to create a new directory under the src subdirectory and create your project in it.

3. If you want to use an external dependency library in your project, you can use go get to obtain the external dependency package. For example:

   $ go get github.com/garyburd/redigo/redis

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   Running the above command will download the redigo library from GitHub and store it in the pkg subdirectory under the $GOPATH directory.

Conclusion

Through the above tutorial, readers should have mastered how to set golang's GOPATH. A good workspace layout can greatly facilitate our development and maintenance, so setting up GOPATH is also one of the skills that our engineers must master.

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