What is the three-layer structure of the Internet of Things?

The three-layer structure of the Internet of Things is: 1. Perception layer, which mainly completes the collection, conversion and collection of information; this layer structure solves the problem of data acquisition in the human world and the physical world, and is composed of various sensors and Sensor gateway composition. 2. The network layer, also called the transport layer, mainly completes access and transmission functions. It is a data path for information exchange and transmission, including access network and transmission network. 3. The application layer solves the problems of information processing and human-computer interface; the data transmitted from the network layer enters various information systems for processing in this layer, and interacts with people through various devices.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Based on the analysis of authoritative Internet of Things experts in China, the Internet of Things system is divided into three levels: perception layer, network layer, and application layer, and the system architecture of the Internet of Things is generally described accordingly.

• The perception layer mainly completes the collection, conversion and collection of information

• The network layer mainly completes the transmission and processing of information

• The application layer mainly completes data management and data processing, and combines these data with industry applications.

Perception layer

The perception layer solves the problem of data acquisition in the human world and the physical world, and is composed of various sensors and sensor gateways. This layer is considered the core layer of the Internet of Things, mainly for the intelligent collection of item identification and information. It consists of basic sensing devices (such as RFID tags and readers, various sensors, cameras, GPS, QR code labels and identification It consists of two parts: readers and other basic identification and sensing devices) and a network of sensors (such as RFID network, sensor network, etc.). The core technologies of this layer include radio frequency technology, emerging sensing technology, wireless network networking technology, fieldbus control technology (FCS), etc. The core products involved include sensors, electronic tags, sensor nodes, wireless routers, wireless gateways, etc.

Network layer

The network layer is also called the transmission layer. It solves the problem of transmitting data obtained by the perception layer within a certain range, usually over long distances. , mainly completes the access and transmission functions, and is a data path for information exchange and transmission, including access network and transmission network. The transmission network consists of public network and private network. Typical transmission networks include telecommunications network (fixed network, mobile network), radio and television network, Internet, power communication network, and private network (digital trunking). The access network includes fiber optic access, wireless access, Ethernet access, satellite access and other access methods to realize the last mile access of the underlying sensor network and RFID network.

Application layer

The application layer can also be called the processing layer, which solves the problems of information processing and human-computer interface. The data transmitted from the network layer enters various information systems for processing in this layer, and interacts with people through various devices. The processing layer consists of business support platform (middleware platform), network management platform (such as M2M management platform), information processing platform, information security platform, service support platform, etc., to complete collaboration, management, calculation, storage, analysis, mining, and Provide functions such as services for industry and public users. Typical technologies include middleware technology, virtual technology, and high-trust technology. Advanced technologies and service models such as cloud computing service models and SOA system architecture methods can be widely adopted.

Between each layer, information is not transmitted in one direction. There can be interaction, control, etc. The information transmitted is diverse, including identification codes and items that can uniquely identify items within the scope of a specific application system. static and dynamic information. Although the application characteristics of the Internet of Things in various economic and social fields such as smart industry, smart transportation, environmental protection, public management, smart homes, and medical care vary widely, the basic architecture of each application includes three levels: sensing, transmission, and application. Professional application subnets in various industries and fields are built based on the three-layer basic architecture.

The public technologies used at all levels include encoding technology, identification technology, parsing technology, security technology and middleware technology.

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