資料庫oracle與mysql在語法上有什麼區別

-- rownum语法如下：
SELECT * FROM XJ_STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM = 1; -- 查询第一条数据
SELECT * FROM XJ_STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM <= 10; -- 获取前10条数据
-- 但rownum不支持查询后几条或第n(n>1)条数据，例如以下sql是不支持的
SELECT * FROM XJ_STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM > 2;
SELECT * FROM XJ_STUDENT WHERE ROWNUM = 3;

-- limit 语法如下：
SELECT * from fw_department limit 3; -- 查询前3条数据
SELECT * from fw_department limit 2, 4; -- 从第2(序号从0开始)条开始，查4条记录

-- null值排在最前
SELECT * FROM FW_DEPARTMENT A ORDER BY A.REMARK DESC NULLS FIRST
-- null值排在最后
SELECT * FROM FW_DEPARTMENT A ORDER BY A.REMARK DESC NULLS LAST
 
-- MySQL 可通过IF和ISNULL函数达到相同的效果
-- null值排在最后
select * from FW_DEPARTMENT A order by IF(ISNULL(A.REMARK),1,0),A.REMARK desc
-- null值排在最前
select * from FW_DEPARTMENT A order by IF(ISNULL(A.REMARK),0,1),A.REMARK desc

-- Oracle 左关联
select * from taba, tabb where taba.id = tabb.id(+);
-- Oracle 右关联
select * from taba, tabb where taba.id(+) = tabb.id;
-- MySQL 左关联
select * from taba left join tabb on taba.id=tabb.id;
-- MySQL 右关联
select * from taba right join tabb on taba.id=tabb.id;

-- Oracle 可执行，但MySQL中不能执行
DELETE FROM FW_DEPARTMENT A WHERE A.DEPID = '111';
DELETE FW_DEPARTMENT WHERE DEPID = '111';
-- MySQL中删除语句格式如下：
DELETE FROM FW_DEPARTMENT WHERE DEPID = '111';

-- Oracle 递归查询 查询部门ID为‘1111’的所有子部门（包含自身）
SELECT *
FROM FW_DEPARTMENT
START WITH DEPID='1111'
CONNECT BY PRIOR DEPID = PARENTDEPID;
-- Oracle 递归查询 查询部门ID为‘1111’的所有父部门（包含自身）
SELECT *
FROM FW_DEPARTMENT
START WITH DEPID='1111'
CONNECT BY PRIOR PARENTDEPID = DEPID;

-- MySQL 先创建fun_getDepIDList函数，用于查询部门ID字符串
CREATE FUNCTION fun_getDepIDList(rootId VARCHAR(32))
RETURNS VARCHAR(6000)
BEGIN 
	DECLARE pTemp VARCHAR(6000);
	DECLARE cTemp VARCHAR(6000);
	SET pTemp='$';
	SET cTemp=rootId;
	WHILE cTemp is not null DO
		set pTemp=CONCAT(pTemp,',',cTemp);
		SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(depid) INTO cTemp from fw_department
		WHERE FIND_IN_SET(PARENTDEPID,cTemp)>0;
	END WHILE;
	RETURN pTemp;
END;

-- 查询部门ID为‘1111’的所有子部门（包含自己）
select * from fw_department
where FIND_IN_SET(DEPID, fun_getDepIDList('1111'));

-- 查询部门ID为‘1111’的所有父部门(包含自己)
select * from fw_department
where FIND_IN_SET('1111', fun_getDepIDList(DEPID));

-- Oracle merge into (有则修改，无则新增)
MERGE INTO TMPDEPTAB A
USING (SELECT '1111' DEPID, '哈哈' DEPNAME FROM DUAL) B
ON (A.DEPID = B.DEPID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN 
	UPDATE SET A.DEPNAME = B.DEPNAME
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN 
	INSERT(DEPID, DEPNAME) VALUES(B.DEPID, B.DEPNAME);

-- MySQL replace into (特点：1、先删后增； 2、插入/更新的表必须有主键或唯一索引；
-- 3、未修改/新增的数据项，如果必填，则必须有默认值)
-- 1、由于是先删后增，所以需要满足以下2个条件之一：
--      1.要么必填项有默认值； 
--      2.要么插入/更新时为没有默认值的必填项赋值， 否则新增时会报错。
-- 2、表中需要有主键或唯一索引，否则下面语句如果执行多次，表中会出现重复数据。
replace into fw_department(DEPID,PARENTDEPID,DEPNO,DEPNAME) 
values('1111111', '1234','123', '哈哈');

-- MySQL on duplicate key update (特点：1、插入/更新的表必须有主键或唯一索引；
-- 2、未修改/新增的数据项，如果必填，则必须有默认值)
insert into fw_department(depid,parentdepid,depno,depname)
select '1111111' depid, '123' parentdepid, 'e12' depno, '哈哈哈哈' depname
from fw_department
on duplicate key 
update parentdepid = values(parentdepid),
	depno=values(depno),
	depname=values(depname);

-- Oracle with使用
WITH TMPTAB AS (
	SELECT A.DEPID FROM FW_DEPARTMENT A
)
SELECT DEPID
FROM TMPTAB

-- MySQL 构建临时表使用(此处必须给括号中的临时表设置表名)
select b.depid
from (
	select depid
	from fw_department
) b