Web應用程序的起源：PHP和MySQL的底漆

要開始構建Web應用，首先使用PHP和MySQL搭建本地環境並創建用戶註冊系統。 1. 安裝XAMPP等集成環境，啟動Apache和MySQL服務；2. 在phpMyAdmin中創建數據庫和users表，包含id、username、password等字段；3. 編寫HTML註冊表單，提交數據到register.php；4. 在register.php中使用PDO連接MySQL，通過prepared statement插入數據，並用password_hash加密密碼；5. 處理重複用戶名等錯誤。這樣可掌握服務器請求處理、數據庫交互和數據流控制，為學習現代框架打下基礎。完成後可進一步實現登錄、會話管理和輸入驗證。總之，從PHP和MySQL入手能紮實理解動態網站的核心機制，是通往高級技術的實用起點。

So you want to build a web application — where do you start? If you're diving into the world of dynamic websites, PHP and MySQL are still a solid starting point, even in today's landscape of flashy frameworks and cloud-native tools. They're not the flashiest duo anymore, but they're reliable, widely supported, and perfect for learning the fundamentals of server-side development.

Let's break down how PHP and MySQL work together to bring your web app to life — from handling form data to storing user accounts.

What PHP and MySQL Actually Do

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language. When someone visits your website, the server runs PHP code to generate HTML dynamically. That means your pages can change based on user input, time of day, database content, or anything else you program.

MySQL is a relational database management system. It stores structured data — like users, posts, products, or orders — in tables. PHP talks to MySQL to save, retrieve, update, or delete that data.

Together, they form the backbone of countless websites, from blogs to e-commerce platforms.

Think of it like this:

• PHP is the chef in the kitchen, preparing meals based on orders.
• MySQL is the pantry, storing all the ingredients.
• The user sees the finished dish (the web page), never knowing what happened behind the scenes.

Setting Up Your Environment

Before writing code, you need a local development environment. You're not going to start on a live server — that's risky and slow for testing.

Here's how to get started:

• Install XAMPP , WAMP (Windows), MAMP (macOS), or LAMP (Linux). These bundles include Apache (web server), MySQL, and PHP.
• Start the Apache and MySQL services.
• Place your PHP files in the htdocs folder (XAMPP) or equivalent.
• Visit http://localhost in your browser to see your site.

Now you've got a sandbox to experiment in — no internet required.

Building a Simple User Registration System

Let's walk through a basic example: a user registration form that saves data to a MySQL database.

1. Create the Database and Table

In phpMyAdmin (a web interface for MySQL that comes with XAMPP/MAMP), run this SQL:

 CREATE DATABASE webapp;
USE webapp;

CREATE TABLE users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

This sets up a place to store usernames and passwords (more on securing passwords in a moment).

2. Build the HTML Form

 <form action="register.php" method="POST">
    <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Username" required>
    <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
    <button type="submit">Register</button>
</form>

Simple. Clean. Gets the job done.

3. Handle the Form with PHP

Create register.php :

 <?php
$host = &#39;localhost&#39;;
$db = &#39;webapp&#39;;
$user = &#39;root&#39;;
$pass = &#39;&#39;;
$charset = &#39;utf8mb4&#39;;

$dsn = "mysql:host=$host;dbname=$db;charset=$charset";
$options = [
    PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
    PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
    PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false,
];

try {
    $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, $options);
} catch (\PDOException $e) {
    throw new \PDOException($e->getMessage(), (int)$e->getCode());
}

if ($_SERVER[&#39;REQUEST_METHOD&#39;] === &#39;POST&#39;) {
    $username = $_POST[&#39;username&#39;];
    $password = password_hash($_POST[&#39;password&#39;], PASSWORD_DEFAULT); // Never store plain text!

    $stmt = $pdo->prepare("INSERT INTO users (username, password) VALUES (?, ?)");

    try {
        $stmt->execute([$username, $password]);
        echo "User registered successfully!";
    } catch (PDOException $e) {
        if ($e->getCode() == 23000) { // Duplicate entry
            echo "Username already taken.";
        } else {
            echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
        }
    }
}

A few key things here:

• We use PDO (PHP Data Objects) for database interaction — it's secure and flexible.
• password_hash() securely hashes the password. Never, ever store passwords in plain text.
• Prepared statements prevent SQL injection — one of the most common web vulnerabilities.

Why This Still Matters

You might hear that PHP is “outdated” or “not modern.” But WordPress, Laravel, and major platforms still run on it. Learning PHP teaches you:

• How servers process requests
• How to interact with databases
• The flow of data from form to storage to display

And MySQL? It's still one of the most widely used databases in the world. Understanding tables, queries, and relationships gives you a foundation that applies to PostgreSQL, SQLite, and even NoSQL systems.

Next Steps

Once you've got this basic app working, try:

• Adding user login (check username, verify password with password_verify() )
• Starting a session with session_start() to keep users logged in
• Displaying user-specific content
• Validating input (check for minimum password length, sanitize usernames)

None of this is magic — it's just logic, one step at a time.

Building a web app with PHP and MySQL isn't glamorous, but it's practical. You'll learn the core mechanics that power almost every dynamic website. And once you understand those, picking up Laravel, APIs, or even moving to Node.js becomes a lot easier.

Basically, start here. Get comfortable. Then build something real.

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