著手現代PHP：語法，服務器和作曲家

現代PHP開發的核心是語法、服務器和Composer三大支柱。 1. 使用現代PHP語法：包括PHP 7.4 的類型屬性（如public string $name）、PHP 8.0 的聯合類型（int|float）、nullsafe操作符（?->）、match表達式和attributes元數據，提升代碼安全與可讀性，並在文件頂部聲明declare(strict_types=1)以啟用嚴格類型。 2. 選擇合適的本地開發服務器：摒棄簡單的php -S，改用Laravel Sail、Symfony CLI或Docker Compose，以支持HTTPS、數據庫集成和團隊環境一致性。 3. 掌握Composer依賴管理：通過composer init初始化項目，使用require和require-dev區分生產與開發依賴，配置PSR-4自動加載（如"App\": "src/"），運行composer dump-autoload -o生成自動加載文件，利用scripts定義測試和分析命令，並始終提交composer.lock文件以確保依賴版本一致。綜上，現代PHP開發應堅持類型安全、容器化服務和智能化依賴管理，才能高效構建可維護的應用。

So you're diving into modern PHP—great choice. It's not the PHP of 2010 anymore. Gone are the days of spaghetti code and global state everywhere. Today's PHP is structured, fast, and developer-friendly. If you're starting fresh or brushing up after a break, here's what you need to know about syntax , servers , and Composer —the three pillars of modern PHP development.

✅ Modern PHP Syntax: Clean, Expressive, and Safe

PHP has evolved fast since version 7.0, and PHP 8.x brings powerful syntax improvements that make code safer and more readable.

Key Features You Should Be Using:

• Typed Properties (PHP 7.4 )

  

   class User {
      public string $name;
      public int $age;
  }

  No more guessing what type a property should hold.

• Union Types (PHP 8.0 )

  

   public function setScore(int|float $score): void {
      // accepts both integers and floats
  }

• Nullsafe Operator (PHP 8.0)

   $country = $user?->getAddress()?->getCountry()?->getName();

  Avoids a chain of isset() checks.

• Match Expression (PHP 8.0)

   $status = match($code) {
      200 => 'OK',
      404 => 'Not Found',
      default => 'Unknown'
  };

  Safer and more concise than switch .

• Attributes (PHP 8.0) – a native way to add metadata

   #[Route('/users', methods: ['GET'])]
  public function listUsers() { }

  Replaces docblock annotations used in older frameworks.

? Pro tip: Use strict types at the top of your files:

 declare(strict_types=1);

This enforces type declarations and prevents silent coercion.

?️ Local Development Servers: Beyond php -S

You've probably used the built-in PHP server:

 php -S localhost:8000

It's fine for quick tests, but real projects need more: HTTPS, shared environments, database integration.

Better Options for Modern Dev:

• Laravel Sail (Docker-based)
  Even if you're not using Laravel, Sail gives you a full PHP/MySQL/Nginx stack with one command:

   sail up

• Symfony CLI
  Super simple for starting PHP apps:

   symfony serve

  Comes with TLS/HTTPS by default, great for testing OAuth or secure APIs.

• Docker Docker Compose
  For full control:

   # docker-compose.yml
  services:
    app:
      image: php:8.3-apache
      ports:
        - "8000:80"
      volumes:
        - ./:/var/www/html

  This is how teams standardize environments.

? Pick one and stick with it. Consistency across your team matters more than the tool itself.

? Composer: Dependency Management Like a Pro

Composer is PHP's answer to npm or pip. It manages libraries, autoloading, and even scripts.

Getting Started:

 composer init
composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle

This creates composer.json and pulls in Guzzle for HTTP requests.

Key Concepts:

• Autoloading with PSR-4
  Define your namespace in composer.json :

   "autoload": {
      "psr-4": {
          "App\\": "src/"
      }
  }

  Then run:

   composer dump-autoload -o

  Now App\User loads from src/User.php automatically.

• Require vs Require-dev

  • require : libraries needed in production (eg, framework, HTTP client)
  • require-dev : tools for development (eg, PHPUnit, PHPStan)

• Scripts
  Automate tasks:

   "scripts": {
      "test": "phpunit",
      "analyze": "phpstan analyse src/"
  }

  Run with: composer test

• Lock Files Matter
  composer.lock ensures everyone uses the exact same versions. Always commit it.

? Update wisely:

 composer update

can break things. Prefer composer update vendor/package to target specific packages.

---

Modern PHP isn't just about new syntax—it's about using the whole ecosystem: clean code, reliable local servers, and smart dependency management.

Basically: type your code, containerize your server, and let Composer handle the rest. That's how PHP is done today.

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