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Well-known website front-end layout analysis

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Release: 2018-03-19 11:58:07
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This time I will bring you a well-known website front-end layout analysis. What are the precautions for well-known website front-end layout analysis? The following is a practical case, let’s take a look.

1. Horizontal centering

Chapters 1, 2, and 3 are all simple structures of parent+son. The html code and renderings will not be posted until after chapter 4. There are

(1) text/inline elements/inline block-level elements ▲

Principle: text-align only controls inline content (text, inline elements, inline block-level elements) How about Aligned relative to its block parent element

#parent{
    text-align: center;
}
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Advantages and disadvantages

  • Advantages: simple and fast, easy to understand, very good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: Only valid for inline content; the attribute will inherit and affect descendant inline content; if the width of the child element is greater than the width of the parent element, it will be invalid. Only when the width of the descendant inline content is smaller than the width of the element where the text-align attribute is set, Only then can it be horizontally centered

(2) Single block-level element ▲

Principle: According to the specification, it is clearly introduced. There is such a situation: there is a surplus in margin At the same time, if the left and right margins are set to auto, the remaining space will be equally divided. In addition, if the upper and lower margins are set to auto, the calculated value is 0

#son{
    width: 100px; /*必须定宽*/
    margin: 0 auto;
}
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Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Advantages: Simple; good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: The width must be fixed, and the value cannot be auto; the width must be smaller than the parent element, otherwise it will be invalid

(3) Multiple block-level elements

Principle: text-align only controls how inline content (text, inline elements, inline block-level elements) is aligned relative to its block parent element

#parent{
    text-align: center;
}
.son{
    display: inline-block; /*改为行内或者行内块级形式,以达到text-align对其生效*/
}
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Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Advantages: simple, easy to understand, very good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: only valid for inline content; attributes will inherit and affect descendant inline content; block level is changed to inline-block line wrapping, Spaces will produce element spacing

(4) Use absolute positioning to achieve ▲

Principle: The child must be the same as the parent, and the values ​​​​of top, right, bottom, and left are relative to The size of the parent element, and then the margin or transform is relative to its own size. Use the combination to achieve the purpose of horizontal centering

#parent{
    height: 200px;
    width: 200px;  /*定宽*/
    position: relative;  /*父相*/
    background-color: #f00;
}
#son{
    position: absolute;  /*子绝*/
    left: 50%;  /*父元素宽度一半,这里等同于left:100px*/
    transform: translateX(-50%);  /*自身宽度一半,等同于margin-left: -50px;*/
    width: 100px;  /*定宽*/
    height: 100px;
    background-color: #00ff00;
}
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Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Advantages: Use margin-left Good compatibility; it can be implemented for both block-level and inline elements

  • Disadvantages: more code; out of document flow; you need to know the width value when using margin-left; there is no compatibility when using transform Good (ie9+)

(5) Any number of elements (flex)

Principle: Set the current main axis alignment to center. I can’t say why, flex is nothing more than the main axis and side axis being the focus, and then the setting of the arrangement. You can check out the flex reading recommendations at the end of the article

#parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}
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Advantages and Disadvantages

  • Advantages : Powerful function; simple and convenient; easy to understand

  • Disadvantages: poor PC compatibility, mobile terminal (Android4.0+)

Summary of this chapter:
  • For horizontal centering, we should first consider which elements have their own centering effect. The first thing that comes to mind should be text-align:center , but this is only valid for inline content, so if we want to use text-align:center, we must set the child element to display: inline; or display: inline- block; ;

  • The second step is to consider whether margin: 0 auto; can be used, because this can be done with one or two lines of code. In fact, If not, just use absolute positioning to achieve it.

  • If you can use flex on the mobile terminal, use flex. It is simple, convenient, flexible and powerful. It is worthy of being a great tool for web page layout!

2. Vertical centering

Chapters 1, 2, and 3 are all simple structures of parent+son. The html code and renderings will not be posted. , only available after Chapter 4

(1) Single line text/inline element/inline block-level element ▲

Principle: The final performance of line-height is achieved through inline box , and no matter how high the inline box occupies (whether it is larger or smaller than the text), the space it occupies is the same horizontal vertical line as the text content.

#parent{
    height: 150px;
    line-height: 150px;  /*与height等值*/
}
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Advantages and disadvantages

  • Advantages: simple; good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: can only be used for single-line inline content; To know the value of height

(2)Multi-line text/inline element/inline block-level element

The principle is the same as above

#parent{  /*或者用span把所有文字包裹起来,设置display:inline-block转换成图片的方式解决*/
    height: 150px;
    line-height: 30px;  /*元素在页面呈现为5行,则line-height的值为height/5*/
}
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Advantages and disadvantages

  • Advantages: simple; good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: can only be used for inline content; you need to know the height and how many lines are finally rendered to calculate the line -Height value, it is recommended to use span to wrap multi-line text

(3) Picture ▲

Principle: vertical-align and line-height Friendship relationship

#parent{
    height: 150px;
    line-height: 150px;
    font-size: 0;
}
img#son{vertical-align: middle;} /*默认是基线对齐,改为middle*/
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Advantages and disadvantages

  • Advantages: simple; good compatibility

  • Disadvantages: need to add font- size: 0; can be completely vertically centered; however, it needs to be main. There needs to be a line break or space between html#parent and img.

(4) Single block-level element

htmlCode:

<p>
    </p><p></p>
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(4-1) 使用tabel-cell实现:

原理:CSS Table,使表格内容对齐方式为middle

#parent{
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单;宽高不定;兼容性好(ie8+)

  • 缺点:设置tabl-cell的元素,宽度和高度的值设置百分比无效,需要给它的父元素设置display: table; 才生效;table-cell不感知margin,在父元素上设置table-row等属性,也会使其不感知height;设置float或position会对默认布局造成破坏,可以考虑为之增加一个父p定义float等属性;内容溢出时会自动撑开父元素

(4-2) 使用绝对定位实现:▲
/*原理:子绝父相,top、right、bottom、left的值是相对于父元素尺寸的,然后margin或者transform是相对于自身尺寸的,组合使用达到水平居中的目的*/
#parent{
    height: 150px;
    position: relative;  /*父相*/
}
#son{
    position: absolute;  /*子绝*/
    top: 50%;  /*父元素高度一半,这里等同于top:75px;*/
    transform: translateY(-50%);  /*自身高度一半,这里等同于margin-top:-25px;*/
    height: 50px;
}

/*优缺点
- 优点:使用margin-top兼容性好;不管是块级还是行内元素都可以实现
- 缺点:代码较多;脱离文档流;使用margin-top需要知道高度值;使用transform兼容性不好(ie9+)*/

或

/*原理:当top、bottom为0时,margin-top&bottom会无限延伸占满空间并且平分*/
#parent{position: relative;}
#son{
    position: absolute;
    margin: auto 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    height: 50px;
}

/*优缺点
- 优点:简单;兼容性较好(ie8+)
- 缺点:脱离文档流*/
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(4-3) 使用flex实现:

原理:flex设置对齐方式罢了,请查阅文末flex阅读推荐

#parent{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

或

#parent{display: flex;}
#son{align-self: center;}

或
/*原理:这个尚未搞清楚,应该是flex使margin上下边界无限延伸至剩余空间并平分了*/
#parent{display: flex;}
#son{margin: auto 0;}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单灵活;功能强大

  • 缺点:PC端兼容性不好,移动端(Android4.0+)

(5)任意个元素(flex)

原理:flex设置对齐方式罢了,请查阅文末flex阅读推荐

#parent{
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

或

#parent{
    display: flex;
}
.son{
    align-self: center;
}

或 

#parent{
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单灵活;功能强大

  • 缺点:PC端兼容性不好,移动端(Android4.0+)

★本章小结:
  • 对于垂直居中,最先想到的应该就是 line-height 了,但是这个只能用于行内内容;

  • 其次就是考虑能不能用vertical-align: middle; ,不过这个一定要熟知原理才能用得顺手,建议看下vertical-align和line-height的基友关系 ;

  • 然后便是绝对定位,虽然代码多了点,但是胜在适用于不同情况;

  • 移动端兼容性允许的情况下能用flex就用flex

三、水平垂直居中

一,二,三章都是parent+son的简单结构,html代码和效果图就不贴出来了,第四章以后才有

(1)行内/行内块级/图片▲

原理:text-align: center; 控制行内内容相对于块父元素水平居中,然后就是line-heightvertical-align的基友关系使其垂直居中,font-size: 0; 是为了消除近似居中的bug

#parent{
    height: 150px;
    line-height: 150px;  /*行高的值与height相等*/
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 0;   /*消除幽灵空白节点的bug*/
}
#son{
    /*display: inline-block;*/  /*如果是块级元素需改为行内或行内块级才生效*/
    vertical-align: middle;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:代码简单;兼容性好(ie8+)

  • 缺点:只对行内内容有效;需要添加font-size: 0; 才可以完全的垂直居中;不过需要注意html中#parent包裹#son之间需要有换行或空格;熟悉line-heightvertical-align的基友关系较难

(2)table-cell

原理:CSS Table,使表格内容垂直对齐方式为middle,然后根据是行内内容还是块级内容采取不同的方式达到水平居中

#parent{
    height: 150px;
    width: 200px;
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
    /*text-align: center;*/   /*如果是行内元素就添加这个*/
}
#son{
    /*margin: 0 auto;*/    /*如果是块级元素就添加这个*/
    width: 100px;
    height: 50px;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单;适用于宽度高度未知情况;兼容性好(ie8+)

  • 缺点:设置tabl-cell的元素,宽度和高度的值设置百分比无效,需要给它的父元素设置display: table; 才生效;table-cell不感知margin,在父元素上设置table-row等属性,也会使其不感知height;设置float或position会对默认布局造成破坏,可以考虑为之增加一个父p定义float等属性;内容溢出时会自动撑开父元素

(3)button作为父元素

原理:button的默认样式,再把需要居中的元素表现形式改为行内或行内块级就好

button#parent{  /*改掉button默认样式就好了,不需要居中处理*/
    height: 150px;
    width: 200px;
    outline: none;  
    border: none;
}
#son{
    display: inline-block; /*button自带text-align: center,改为行内水平居中生效*/
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单方便,充分利用默认样式

  • 缺点:只适用于行内内容;需要清除部分默认样式;水平垂直居中兼容性很好,但是ie下点击会有凹陷效果!

(4)绝对定位

原理:子绝父相,top、right、bottom、left的值是相对于父元素尺寸的,然后margin或者transform是相对于自身尺寸的,组合使用达到几何上的水平垂直居中

#parent{
    position: relative;
}
#son{
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    /*定宽高时等同于margin-left:负自身宽度一半;margin-top:负自身高度一半;*/
    transform: translate(-50%,-50%); 
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:使用margin兼容性好;不管是块级还是行内元素都可以实现

  • 缺点:代码较多;脱离文档流;使用margin需要知道宽高;使用transform兼容性不好(ie9+)

(5)绝对居中

原理:当top、bottom为0时,margin-top&bottom设置auto的话会无限延伸占满空间并且平分;当left、right为0时,margin-left&right设置auto的话会无限延伸占满空间并且平分

#parent{
    position: relative;
}
#son{
    position: absolute;
    margin: auto;
    width: 100px;
    height: 50px;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:无需关注宽高;兼容性较好(ie8+)

  • 缺点:代码较多;脱离文档流

(6)flex

原理:flex设置对齐方式罢了,请查阅文末flex阅读推荐

#parent{
    display: flex;
}
#son{
    margin: auto;
}

或

#parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

或

#parent{
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
}
#son{
    align-self: center;
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单灵活;功能强大

  • 缺点:PC端兼容性不好,移动端(Android4.0+)

(7)视窗居中

原理:vh为视口单位,视口即文档可视的部分,50vh就是视口高度的50/100,设置50vh上边距再

#son{
    /*0如果去掉,则会多出滚动条并且上下都是50vh的margin。如果去掉就给body加上overflow:hidden;*/
    margin: 50vh auto 0;  
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}
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优缺点

  • 优点:简单;容易理解;两句代码达到屏幕水平垂直居中

  • 缺点:兼容性不好(ie9+,Android4.4+)

★本章小结:
  • 一般情况下,水平垂直居中,我们最常用的就是绝对定位加负边距了,缺点就是需要知道宽高,使用transform倒是可以不需要,但是兼容性不好(ie9+);

  • 其次就是绝对居中,绝对定位设置top、left、right、bottom为0,然后margin:auto; 让浏览器自动平分边距以达到水平垂直居中的目的;

  • 如果是行内/行内块级/图片这些内容,可以优先考虑line-heightvertical-align 结合使用,不要忘了还有text-align ,这个方法代码其实不多,就是理解原理有点困难,想要熟练应对各种情况还需好好研究;

  • 移动端兼容性允许的情况下能用flex就用flex。

四、两列布局

4.1 左列定宽,右列自适应

效果:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)利用float+margin实现

html代码:

<p>左列定宽</p>
<p>右列自适应</p>
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css代码:

#left {
    background-color: #f00;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
    height: 500px;
    margin-left: 100px; /*大于等于#left的宽度*/
}
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(2)利用float+margin(fix)实现

html代码:

<p>左列定宽</p>
<p>
    </p><p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#left {
    background-color: #f00;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
}
#right-fix {
    float: right;
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: -100px; /*正值大于或等于#left的宽度,才能显示在同一行*/
}
#right{
    margin-left: 100px; /*大于或等于#left的宽度*/
    background-color: #0f0;
    height: 500px;
}
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(3)使用float+overflow实现

html代码:

<p>左列定宽</p>
<p>右列自适应</p>
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css代码:

#left {
    background-color: #f00;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
    height: 500px;
    overflow: hidden; /*触发bfc达到自适应*/
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用bfc达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:浮动脱离文档流,需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷;不支持ie6

(4)使用table实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>
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css代码:

#parent{
    width: 100%;
    display: table;
    height: 500px;
}
#left {
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
}
#left,#right{
    display: table-cell;  /*利用单元格自动分配宽度*/
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用单元格自动分配达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:margin失效;设置间隔比较麻烦;不支持ie8-

(5)使用绝对定位实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    position: relative;  /*子绝父相*/
}
#left {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    background-color: #f00;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
}
#right {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 100px;  /*值大于等于#left的宽度*/
    right: 0;
    background-color: #0f0;
    height: 500px;
}
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(6)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
#left {
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    flex: 1; /*均分了父元素剩余空间*/
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(7)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#parent {
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 100px auto;  /*设定2列就ok了,auto换成1fr也行*/
}
#left {
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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4.2 左列自适应,右列定宽

效果:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用float+margin实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    height: 500px;
    padding-left: 100px;  /*抵消#left的margin-left以达到#parent水平居中*/
}
#left {
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    float: left;
    margin-left: -100px; /*正值等于#right的宽度*/
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    height: 500px;
    width: 100px;
    float: right;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(2)使用float+overflow实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>右列定宽</p>
    <p>左列自适应</p>   <!--顺序要换一下-->

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css代码:

#left {
    overflow: hidden;  /*触发bfc*/
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    margin-left: 10px;  /*margin需要定义在#right中*/
    float: right;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用bfc达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:浮动脱离文档流,需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷;不支持ie6

(3)使用table实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    display: table;
}
#left {
    background-color: #f00;
    display: table-cell;
}
#right {
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #0f0;
    display: table-cell;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用单元格自动分配达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:margin失效;设置间隔比较麻烦;不支持ie8-

(4)使用绝对定位实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    position: relative;  /*子绝父相*/
}
#left {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 100px;  /*大于等于#rigth的宽度*/
    background-color: #f00;
    height: 500px;
}
#right {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    background-color: #0f0;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
}
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(5)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent{
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
#left {
    flex: 1;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(6)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

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Copy after login
Copy after login
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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 100px;  /*设定2列,auto换成1fr也行*/
}
#left {
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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4.3 一列不定,一列自适应

(盒子宽度随着内容增加或减少发生变化,另一个盒子自适应)

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

变化后:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用float+overflow实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列不定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#left {
    margin-right: 10px;
    float: left;  /*只设置浮动,不设宽度*/
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    overflow: hidden;  /*触发bfc*/
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注宽度,利用bfc达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:浮动脱离文档流,需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷;不支持ie6

(2)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列不定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent{
    display: flex;
}
#left { /*不设宽度*/
    margin-right: 10px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
    flex: 1;  /*均分#parent剩余的部分*/
}
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(3)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列不定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent{
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;  /*auto和1fr换一下顺序就是左列自适应,右列不定宽了*/
}
#left {
    margin-right: 10px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#right {
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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左列自适应,右列不定宽同理(参考4.1和4.3对应代码示例)

五、三列布局

5.1 两列定宽,一列自适应

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用float+margin实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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css代码:

#parent{
    min-width: 310px; /*100+10+200,防止宽度不够,子元素换行*/
}
#left {
    margin-right: 10px;  /*#left和#center间隔*/
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center{
    float: left;
    width: 200px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    margin-left: 320px;  /*等于#left和#center的宽度之和加上间隔,多出来的就是#right和#center的间隔*/
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(2)使用float+overflow实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

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Copy after login
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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent{
    min-width: 320px; /*100+10+200+20,防止宽度不够,子元素换行*/
}
#left {
    margin-right: 10px; /*间隔*/
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center{
    margin-right: 10px; /*在此定义和#right的间隔*/
    float: left;
    width: 200px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    overflow: hidden;  /*触发bfc*/
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
Copy after login

优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用bfc达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:浮动脱离文档流,需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷;不支持ie6

(3)使用table实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    width: 100%; 
    height: 520px; /*抵消上下间距10*2的高度影响*/
    margin: -10px 0;  /*抵消上下边间距10的位置影响*/
    display: table;
    /*左右两边间距大了一点,子元素改用padding设置盒子间距就没有这个问题*/
    border-spacing: 10px;  /*关键!!!设置间距*/
}
#left {
    display: table-cell;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    display: table-cell;
    width: 200px;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    display: table-cell;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
Copy after login

优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解,无需关注定宽的宽度,利用单元格自动分配达到自适应效果

  • 缺点:margin失效;设置间隔比较麻烦;不支持ie8-

(4)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
#left {
    margin-right: 10px;  /*间距*/
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    margin-right: 10px;  /*间距*/
    width: 200px;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    flex: 1;  /*均分#parent剩余的部分达到自适应*/
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(5)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间定宽</p>
    <p>右列自适应</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login
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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 100px 200px auto; /*设置3列,固定第一第二列的宽度,第三列auto或者1fr*/
}
#left {
    margin-right: 10px;  /*间距*/
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    margin-right: 10px;  /*间距*/
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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5.2 两侧定宽,中间自适应

5.2.1 双飞翼布局方法

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p></p>
<!--中间栏需要放在前面-->
<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p>中间自适应</p>
        <hr>  <!--方便观察原理-->
    
    <p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

<p></p>
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css代码:

#header {
    height: 60px;
    background-color: #ccc;
}
#left {
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    margin-left: -100%; /*调整#left的位置,值等于自身宽度*/
    background-color: #f00;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#center {
    height: 500px;
    float: left;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#center_inbox{
    height: 480px;
    border: 1px solid #000;
    margin: 0 220px 0 120px;  /*关键!!!左右边界等于左右盒子的宽度,多出来的为盒子间隔*/
}
#right {
    float: left;
    width: 200px;
    height: 500px;
    margin-left: -200px;  /*使right到指定的位置,值等于自身宽度*/
    background-color: #0f0;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#footer {
    clear: both;  /*注意清除浮动!!*/
    height: 60px;
    background-color: #ccc;
}
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5.2.2 圣杯布局方法

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p></p>
<p>
    <!--#center需要放在前面-->
    </p><p>中间自适应
        </p><hr>
    
    <p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

<p></p>
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css代码:

#header{
    height: 60px;
    background-color: #ccc;
}
#parent {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    height: 500px;
    padding: 0 215px 0 115px;  /*为了使#center摆正,左右padding分别等于左右盒子的宽,可以结合左右盒子相对定位的left调整间距*/
}
#left {
    margin-left: -100%;  /*使#left上去一行*/
    position: relative;
    left: -115px;  /*相对定位调整#left的位置,正值大于或等于自身宽度*/
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#center {
    float: left;
    width: 100%;  /*由于#parent的padding,达到自适应的目的*/
    height: 500px;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border: 1px solid #000;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    position: relative;
    left: 215px; /*相对定位调整#right的位置,大于或等于自身宽度*/
    width: 200px;
    height: 500px;
    margin-left: -200px;  /*使#right上去一行*/
    float: left;
    background-color: #0f0;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#footer{
    height: 60px;
    background-color: #ccc;
}
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5.2.3 使用Grid实现

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p></p>
    
    

中间自适应         


         

左列定宽

    

右列定宽

    

Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 100px auto 200px; /*设定3列*/
    grid-template-rows: 60px auto 60px; /*设定3行*/
    /*设置网格区域分布*/
    grid-template-areas: 
        "header header header" 
        "leftside main rightside" 
        "footer footer footer";
}
#header {
    grid-area: header; /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
    background-color: #ccc;
}
#left {
    grid-area: leftside;
    background-color: #f00;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#center {
    grid-area: main; /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
    margin: 0 15px; /*设置间隔*/
    border: 1px solid #000;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    grid-area: rightside; /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
    background-color: #0f0;
    opacity: 0.5;
}
#footer {
    grid-area: footer; /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
    background-color: #ccc;
}
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5.2.4 其他方法

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用table实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    display: table;
}
#left {
    display: table-cell;
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    display: table-cell;
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    display: table-cell;
    width: 200px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
Copy after login

优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简洁,容易理解;

  • 缺点:margin失效,采用border-spacing表格两边的间隔无法消除;不支持ie8-

(2)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
#left {
    width: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    flex: 1;  /*均分#parent剩余的部分*/
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    width: 200px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
Copy after login
(3)使用position实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>左列定宽</p>
    <p>中间自适应</p>
    <p>右列定宽</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    position: relative; /*子绝父相*/
}
#left {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
#center {
    height: 500px;
    margin-left: 100px; /*大于等于#left的宽度,或者给#parent添加同样大小的padding-left*/
    margin-right: 200px;  /*大于等于#right的宽度,或者给#parent添加同样大小的padding-right*/
    background-color: #eeff2b;
}
#right {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 200px;
    height: 500px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
Copy after login

优缺点:

  • 优点:容易理解,兼容性比较好

  • 缺点:需手动计算宽度确定边距;脱离文档流;代码繁多

六、多列布局

6.1 等宽布局

6.1.1 四列等宽
(1)使用float实现

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

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Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent {
    margin-left: -20px; /*使整体内容看起来居中,抵消padding-left的影响*/
}
.column{
    padding-left: 20px;  /*盒子的边距*/
    width: 25%;
    float: left;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    border: 1px solid #000;
    background-clip: content-box; /*背景色从内容开始绘制,方便观察*/
    height: 500px;
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解;兼容性较好

  • 缺点:需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷

(2)使用table实现

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 540px;  /*抵消上下边20*2间距的高度影响*/
    display: table;
    margin: -20px 0;  /*抵消上下边20*2间距的位置影响*/
    /*两边离页面间距较大,改用子元素设置padding来当成间隔就不会有这样的问题*/
    border-spacing: 20px;  /*设置间距*/
}
.column{
    display: table-cell;
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解;无需关注宽度,单元格自动等分

  • 缺点:margin失效;设置间隔比较麻烦;不支持ie8-

(3)使用flex实现

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    margin-left: -15px;  /*使内容看起来居中*/
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
.column{
    flex: 1; /*一起平分#parent*/
    margin-left: 15px; /*设置间距*/
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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多列等宽

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用float实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>5 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>6 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

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Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
}
.column{
    float: left;  /*添加浮动*/
    width: 16.66666666666667%;  /*100÷列数,得出百分比*/
    height: 500px;
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解;兼容性较好

  • 缺点:需要手动清除浮动,否则会产生高度塌陷

(2)使用table实现

html代码

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>5 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>6 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

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Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent {
    width: 100%;
    height: 500px;
    display: table;
}
.column{
    display: table-cell; /*无需关注列数,单元格自动平分*/
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简单,容易理解;无需关注宽度。单元格自动等分

  • 缺点:margin失效;设置间隔比较麻烦;不兼容ie8-

(3)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>5 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>6 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

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Copy after login
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css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: flex;
}
.column{
    flex: 1;  /*无需关注列数,一起平分#parent*/
}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(4)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>2 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>3 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>4 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>5 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>
    <p>6 </p><p>我是文字我是文字我输文字我是文字我是文字</p>

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Copy after login
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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    height: 500px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(6,1fr);  /*6就是列数*/
}
.column{}
.column:nth-child(odd){
    background-color: #f00;
}
.column:nth-child(even){
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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6.2 九宫格布局

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用table实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p>1</p>
        <p>2</p>
        <p>3</p>
    
    <p>
        </p><p>4</p>
        <p>5</p>
        <p>6</p>
    
    <p>
        </p><p>7</p>
        <p>8</p>
        <p>9</p>
    

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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    width: 1200px;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: table;
}
.row {
    display: table-row;
}
.item {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    display: table-cell;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简洁,容易理解;

  • 缺点:margin失效,采用border-spacing表格两边的间隔无法消除;不支持ie8-

(2)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p>1</p>
        <p>2</p>
        <p>3</p>
    
    <p>
        </p><p>4</p>
        <p>5</p>
        <p>6</p>
    
    <p>
        </p><p>7</p>
        <p>8</p>
        <p>9</p>
    

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Copy after login

css代码:

#parent {
    width: 1200px;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}
.row {
    display: flex;
    flex: 1;
}
.item {
    flex: 1;
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
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(3)使用Grid实现

CSS Grid非常强大,可以实现各种各样的三维布局,可查阅本文结尾的阅读推荐

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>1</p>
    <p>2</p>
    <p>3</p>
    <p>4</p>
    <p>5</p>
    <p>6</p>
    <p>7</p>
    <p>8</p>
    <p>9</p>

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css代码:

#parent {
    width: 1200px;
    height: 500px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /*等同于1fr 1fr 1fr,此为重复的合并写法*/
    grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr);  /*等同于1fr 1fr 1fr,此为重复的合并写法*/
}
.item {
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
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6.3 栅格系统

优缺点:

  • 优点:代码简洁,容易理解;提高页面内容的流动性,能适应多种设备;

(1)用Less生成
/*生成栅格系统*/
@media screen and (max-width: 768px){
  .generate-columns(12);     /*此处设置生成列数*/
  .generate-columns(@n, @i: 1) when (@i <p>编译后的CSS代码:</p><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .column-xs-1 {  width: 8.33333333%;  }
  .column-xs-2 {  width: 16.66666667%;  }
  .column-xs-3 {  width: 25%;  }
  .column-xs-4 {  width: 33.33333333%;  }
  .column-xs-5 {  width: 41.66666667%;  }
  .column-xs-6 {  width: 50%;  }
  .column-xs-7 {  width: 58.33333333%;  }
  .column-xs-8 {  width: 66.66666667%;  }
  .column-xs-9 {  width: 75%;  }
  .column-xs-10 {  width: 83.33333333%;  }
  .column-xs-11 {  width: 91.66666667%;  }
  .column-xs-12 {  width: 100%;  }
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
  .column-sm-1 {  width: 8.33333333%;  }
  .column-sm-2 {  width: 16.66666667%;  }
  .column-sm-3 {  width: 25%;  }
  .column-sm-4 {  width: 33.33333333%;  }
  .column-sm-5 {  width: 41.66666667%;  }
  .column-sm-6 {  width: 50%;  }
  .column-sm-7 {  width: 58.33333333%;  }
  .column-sm-8 {  width: 66.66666667%;  }
  .column-sm-9 {  width: 75%;  }
  .column-sm-10 {  width: 83.33333333%;  }
  .column-sm-11 {  width: 91.66666667%;  }  
  .column-sm-12 {  width: 100%;  }
}
p[class^="column-xs-"]{
    float: left;
}
p[class^="column-sm-"]{
    float: left;
}
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七、全屏布局

效果图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

(1)使用绝对定位实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>top</p>
    <p>left</p>
    <p>right</p>
    <p>bottom</p>

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Copy after login

css代码:

html, body, #parent {height: 100%;overflow: hidden;}
#parent > p {
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
#top {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 100px;
}
#left {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100px;  /*值大于等于#top的高度*/
    left: 0;
    bottom: 50px;  /*值大于等于#bottom的高度*/
    width: 200px;
}
#right {
    position: absolute;
    overflow: auto;
    left: 200px;  /*值大于等于#left的宽度*/
    right: 0;
    top: 100px;  /*值大于等于#top的高度*/
    bottom: 50px;  /*值大于等于#bottom的高度*/
}
#bottom {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    height: 50px;
}
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优缺点:

  • 优点:容易理解

  • 缺点:代码繁多;需要计算好各个盒子的宽高;

(2)使用flex实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>top</p>
    <p>
        </p><p>left</p>
        <p>right</p>
    
    <p>bottom</p>

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css代码:

*{
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
html,body,#parent{
    height:100%;
}
#parent {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}
#top {
    height: 100px;
}
#bottom {
    height: 50px;
}
#middle {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
}
#left {
    width: 200px;
}
#right {
    flex: 1;
    overflow: auto;
}
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(3)使用Grid实现

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>top</p>
    <p>left</p>
    <p>right</p>
    <p>bottom</p>

Copy after login
Copy after login

css代码:

*{
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}
html, body, #parent {
    height: 100%;
}
#parent {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    display: grid;
    /*分成2列,第一列宽度200px,第二列1fr平分剩余的部分,此处换成auto也行*/
    grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;  
    /*分成3行,第一行高度100px,第二行auto为自适应,此处换成1fr也行,第3行高度为50px*/
    grid-template-rows: 100px auto 50px; 
    /*定义网格区域分布*/
    grid-template-areas:
        "header header"
        "aside main"
        "footer footer";
}
#parent>p{
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
#top{
    grid-area: header;  /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
}
#left{
    grid-area: aside;  /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
}
#right{
    grid-area: main;  /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
}
#bottom{
    grid-area: footer;  /*指定在哪个网格区域*/
}
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八、网站实例布局分析:

由于方法众多,分析的时候想到哪种用哪种了,只要IE9和谷歌上表现一致,我就不一一测试其他浏览器了,如果有什么问题或意见,请留言!

8.1 小米官网

https://www.mi.com/

8.1.1 兼容IE9+的方法
(1)页面整体

整个页面我们可以分成顶、上、中、下、底五个结构,如图所示:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
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css代码:

*{  /*为了方便,就这样清空默认样式了*/
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    list-style: none;
}
body{
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.header{
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    height: 40px;
    background-color: #333;
}
.top{
    height: 1210px;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.center{
    width: 1226px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    margin-bottom: 60px;
    height: 1791px;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.bottom{
    height: 274px;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.footer{
    margin: 0 auto;
    width: 1226px;
    height: 166px;
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
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(2)局部——header

header部分首先是一个水平居中的内容,内容盒子可以分成左右两个部分,如图所示:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p></p>
        <p></p>
    
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css代码:

.container{  /*后面会继续用到*/
    width: 1226px;
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    border: 1px solid #f00;
}
.header-left{
    width: 380px;
    height: 100%;
    float: left;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
.header-rigth{
    width: 260px;
    height: 100%;
    float: right;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
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(3)局部——top

top部分先有一个水平居中的内容,再就是内容由上到下可以分成四个部分,然后每个部分再细分......说不下去了,直接上图:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p></p>
        <p>
            </p><p></p>
        
        <p>
            </p><p></p>
            <p>
                </p>
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  •                     
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  •                     
  •                     
  •                     
  •                 
                          

css代码:

.top {
    height: 1210px;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.top-nav {
    height: 100px;
    background-color: #f00;
}
.top-slider {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    position: relative;
    height: 460px;
    background-color: #00f;
}
.slider-navbar {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 234px;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: black;
    opacity: .5;
}
.top-recommend {
    margin-bottom: 26px;
    height: 170px;
    background-color: #0f0;
}
.recommend-left {
    float: left;
    height: 100%;
    width: 234px;
    background-color: skyblue;
}
.recommend-right {
    float: right;
    width: 978px;
    height: 100%;
    border: 1px solid #000;
}
.recommend-right > ul {
    height: 100%;
}
.recommend-right > ul li {
    float: left;
    width: 316px;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: deepskyblue;
}
.recommend-right > ul li + li {
    margin-left: 14px;
}
.top-flashsale {
    height: 438px;
    background-color: #ff4455;
}
.flashsale-title {
    height: 58px;
    background-color: purple;
}
.flashsale-content {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    padding-bottom: 40px;
    height: 380px;
}
.content-timer {
    margin-right: 14px;
    float: left;
    width: 234px;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.content-shops {
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #6effb1;
}
.content-shops > li {
    float: left;
    width: 234px;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: #fff;
}
.content-shops > li+li {
    margin-left: 12.5px;
}
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(4)局部——center

center部分都是一些单元格展示,有很多类似的模块,就挑几个来实现了,直接看图吧:

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

Well-known website front-end layout analysis

html代码:

<p>
    </p><p>
        </p><p></p>
        <p>
            </p><p></p>
            
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  •                 
  •                 
  •                 
  •                 
  •                 
  •                 
  •                 
  •             
                  

        

        

            

  •             
  •             
  •             
  •             
  •             
  •             
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  •                   

            

            
                  
    •             
    •             
    •             
    •         
        

    css代码:

    .center {
        margin: 0 auto;
        margin-bottom: 60px;
        padding-top: 60px;
        width: 1226px;
        height: 1791px;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .center-phone{
        margin-bottom: 8px;
        height: 686px;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    .phone-title{
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .phone-content{
        height: 628px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .phone-left{
        margin-right: 14px;
        float: left;
        width: 234px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: darkseagreen;
    }
    .phone-right{
        overflow: hidden;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #ccc;
    }
    .phone-right>li{
        margin-bottom: 28px;
        padding-left: 14px;
        float: left;
        width: 25%;
        height: 300px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
        background-color: #f00;
        background-clip: content-box;
    }
    .phone-right>li:nth-child(1),
    .phone-right>li:nth-child(5){
        margin-left: 0;
    }
    .center-household{
        margin-bottom: 8px;
        height: 686px;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    .household-title{
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .household-content{
        height: 614px;
    }
    .household-content>li{
        position: relative;
        margin-left: 14px;
        margin-bottom: 28px;
        float: left;
        width: 234px;
        height: 300px;
        background-color: #d7d7d7;
    }
    .household-content>li:nth-child(1),
    .household-content>li:nth-child(6){
        margin-left: 0;
    }
    .household-content>li:last-child p:first-child{
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        height: 143px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .household-content>li:last-child p:last-child{
        position: absolute;
        bottom: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        height: 143px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .center-video{
        height: 343px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .video-title{
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .video-content{
        height: 285px;
    }
    .video-content>li{
        float: left;
        width: 296px;
        height: 100%;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .video-content>li+li{
        margin-left: 14px;
    }
    Copy after login
    (5)局部——bottom

    bottom部分首先是一个水平居中的内容,然后内容可以划分为上下两部分,每个部分都是浮动的li,如图:

    Well-known website front-end layout analysis

    html代码:

    <p>
        </p><p>
            </p><p>
                </p>
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    css代码:

    .bottom {
        height: 274px;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .bottom-service{
        height: 80px;
        background-color: seagreen;
    }
    .bottom-service>ul{
        height: 100%;
    }
    .bottom-service>ul li{
        position: relative;
        padding: 0 50px;
        float: left;
        width: 20%;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: goldenrod;
        background-clip: content-box;
    }
    .bottom-service>ul li+li::before{
        position: absolute;
        top: 28px;
        left: 0;
        content: '';
        width: 1px;
        height: 24px;
        background-color: #999;
    }
    .bottom-links{
        height: 192px;
        background-color: #8545e0;
    }
    .links-left{
        float: left;
        width: 960px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    .links-left>ul{
        height: 100%;
    }
    .links-left>ul li{
        padding-right: 60px;
        float: left;
        width: 16.666666666666667%;
        height: 100%;
        border: 1px solid #000;
        background-color: #ff0000;
        background-clip: content-box;
    }
    .links-right{
        float: right;
        width: 252px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    Copy after login
    (6)局部——footer

    footer划分如图:

    Well-known website front-end layout analysis

    html代码:

    <p>
        </p><p>
            </p><p></p>
            <p></p>
        
        

    Copy after login

    css代码:

    .footer {
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 30px 0;
        width: 1226px;
        height: 166px;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .footer-info{
        height: 57px;
        background-color: #6effb1;
    }
    .info-left{
        float: left;
        width: 630px;
        height: 100%;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .info-right{
        float: right;
        width: 436px;
        height: 100%;
        border: 1px solid #000;
    }
    .footer-slogan{
        margin-top: 30px;
        height: 19px;
        background-color: #8545e0;
    }
    Copy after login
    (7)全部代码(优化后)

    html代码:

    <p>
        </p><p>
            </p><p></p>
            <p></p>
        
    
    <p>
        </p><p>
            </p><p></p>
            <p>
                </p><p></p>
            
            <p>
                </p><p></p>
                <p>
                    </p>
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    css代码:

    /*-------------------抽取公共样式-----------------*/
    * { /*为了方便,就这样清空默认样式了*/
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        list-style: none;
    }
    body {
        background-color: #f5f5f5;
    }
    .container {  /*水平居中的内容盒子*/
        width: 1226px;
        height: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
        border: 1px solid #f00;
    }
    .common-title {
        height: 58px;
        background-color: #000;
    }
    .fl {float: left;}
    .fr {float: right;}
    .recommend-right,
    .flashsale-content,
    .phone-right > li,
    .household-content > li:last-child > p,
    .video-content > li,
    .links-left > ul li,
    .footer,
    .info-left,
    .info-right {border: 1px solid #000;}  /*添加边框样式只是为了方便观察,不是布局必须,可删*/
    
    
    /*-----header部分-----*/
    .header {
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        height: 40px;
        background-color: #333;
    }
    .header-left {
        width: 380px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #0f0;
    }
    .header-rigth {
        width: 260px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #0f0;
    }
    
    
    /*--------top部分--------*/
    .top {
        /*height: 1210px;*/
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .top-nav {
        height: 100px;
        background-color: #f00;
    }
    .top-slider {
        margin-bottom: 14px;
        position: relative; /*父相*/
        height: 460px;
        background-color: #00f;
    }
    .slider-navbar {
        position: absolute; /*子绝*/
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        width: 234px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: black;
        opacity: .5;
    }
    .top-recommend {
        margin-bottom: 26px;
        height: 170px;
        background-color: #0f0;
    }
    .recommend-left {
        height: 100%;
        width: 234px;
        background-color: skyblue;
    }
    .recommend-right {
        width: 978px;
        height: 100%;
    }
    .recommend-right > ul {height: 100%;}
    .recommend-right > ul li {
        float: left; /*三列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 316px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: deepskyblue;
    }
    .recommend-right > ul li + li { margin-left: 14px;}  /*设置浮动间隔*/
    .top-flashsale {
        height: 438px;
        background-color: #ff4455;
    }
    .flashsale-title {}
    .flashsale-content {
        padding-bottom: 40px;
        height: 380px;
    }
    .content-timer {
        margin-right: 14px;
        width: 234px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .content-shops {
        overflow: hidden; /*触发bfc,以达到自适应*/
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #6effb1;
    }
    .content-shops > li {
        float: left; /*四列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 234px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .content-shops > li + li {margin-left: 12.5px;}  /*设置浮动间隔*/
    
    
    /*--------center部分--------*/
    .module-box {  /*类似的模块*/
        margin-bottom: 8px;
        height: 686px;
    }
    .center {
        margin: 0 auto;
        margin-bottom: 60px;
        padding-top: 60px;
        width: 1226px;
        /*height: 1791px;*/
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .center-phone {background-color: yellow;}
    .phone-title {}
    .phone-content {
        height: 628px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .phone-left {
        width: 234px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: darkseagreen;
    }
    .phone-right {
        overflow: hidden; /*触发bfc以达到自适应*/
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #ccc;
    }
    .phone-right > li {
        margin-bottom: 28px; /*设置下边距*/
        padding-left: 14px; /*用padding模拟盒子间隔*/
        float: left; /*四列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 25%;
        height: 300px;
        background-color: #f00;
        background-clip: content-box; /*背景色从content开始绘起*/
    }
    .center-household {background-color: yellow;}
    .household-title {}
    .household-content {height: 614px;}
    .household-content > li {
        position: relative; /*父相*/
        margin-left: 14px; /*设置浮动间隔*/
        margin-bottom: 28px; /*设置下边距*/
        float: left; /*五列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 234px;
        height: 300px;
        background-color: #d7d7d7;
    }
    .household-content > li:nth-child(1),
    .household-content > li:nth-child(6) {margin-left: 0; }  /*消除每行第一个的间隔*/
    .household-content > li:last-child p:first-child {
        position: absolute; /*子绝*/
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        height: 143px;
    }
    .household-content > li:last-child p:last-child {
        position: absolute; /*子绝*/
        bottom: 0;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        height: 143px;
    }
    .center-video {
        height: 343px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .video-title {}
    .video-content {height: 285px;}
    .video-content > li {
        float: left; /*四列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 296px;
        height: 100%;
    }
    .video-content > li + li {margin-left: 14px; }   /*设定浮动间隔*/
    
    
    /*--------bottom部分--------*/
    .bottom {
        /*height: 274px;*/
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .bottom-service {
        height: 80px;
        background-color: seagreen;
    }
    .bottom-service > ul {height: 100%;}
    .bottom-service > ul li {
        position: relative; /*父相*/
        padding: 0 50px; /*用padding模拟盒子间隔*/
        float: left; /*五列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 20%;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: goldenrod;
        background-clip: content-box; /*背景色从content开始绘起*/
    }
    .bottom-service > ul li + li::before { /*用伪元素模拟分割线*/
        position: absolute; /*子绝*/
        top: 28px;
        left: 0;
        content: ''; /*伪元素必须有content*/
        width: 1px;
        height: 24px;
        background-color: #999;
    }
    .bottom-links {
        height: 192px;
        background-color: #8545e0;
    }
    .links-left {
        width: 960px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    .links-left > ul {height: 100%;}
    .links-left > ul li {
        padding-right: 60px;
        float: left; /*六列等宽,浮动布局*/
        width: 16.666666666666667%;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: #ff0000;
        background-clip: content-box; /*背景色从content开始绘起*/
    }
    .links-right {
        width: 252px;
        height: 100%;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    
    
    /*--------footer部分---------*/
    .footer {
        margin: 0 auto;
        padding: 30px 0;
        width: 1226px;
        height: 166px;
    }
    .footer-info {
        height: 57px;
        background-color: #6effb1;
    }
    .info-left {
        width: 630px;
        height: 100%;
    }
    .info-right {
        width: 436px;
        height: 100%;
    }
    .footer-slogan {
        margin-top: 30px;
        height: 19px;
        background-color: #8545e0;
    }
    Copy after login

    以上就是优化后的代码了,由于在下才疏学浅,所用方法不敢保证是最简单的,优化也肯定不是最优的,仅仅是的我的一种思路而已,各位参考参考就好。

    8.1.2 Flexbox+Grid搭配用法(未来...)

    html代码:

    <p>
        </p><p>
            </p><p></p>
            <p></p>
        
    
    

        

            

            

                

                     

            

                

    Copy after login
                      
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    css代码:

    /*-------------------抽取公共样式-----------------*/
    * { /*为了方便,就这样清空默认样式了*/
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
        list-style: none;
    }
    body {
        background-color: #f5f5f5;
        display: grid;
        /*整体布局 设置网格列,设置网格行,再设定网格区域*/
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1226px 1fr;
        grid-template-rows: 40px 20px auto auto 274px 166px;
        grid-template-areas:
            "header header header"
            ". . ." 
            "top top top"
            ". center ."
            "bottom bottom bottom"
            ". footer .";
    }
    .container { /*水平居中的内容盒子*/
        width: 1226px;
        height: 100%;
        margin: 0 auto;
        border: 1px solid #f00;
    }
    .top-recommend-right,
    .top-flashsale-timer,
    .top-flashsale-shops li,
    .center-phone-content > p,
    .center-household-content .row,
    .household-content-item:last-of-type p,
    .center-video-content li,
    .service-item,
    .links-left-item,
    .info-left,
    .info-right,
    .info-right {border: 1px solid #000;}  /*添加边框样式只是为了方便观察,不是布局必须,可删*/
    
    
    /*-----header部分-----*/
    .header {
        grid-area: header; /*指定网格区域*/
        background-color: #333;
    }
    .header .container {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
    .header-left {
        width: 380px;
        background-color: #0f0;
    }
    .header-rigth {
        width: 260px;
        background-color: #0f0;
    }
    
    
    /*--------top部分--------*/
    .top {
        grid-area: top; /*指定网格区域*/
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .top .container {
        display: grid;
        /*top部分布局 设置网格行,设置网格列,再设定网格区域*/
        grid-template-rows: 100px 460px 14px 170px 26px 58px 340px 40px;
        grid-template-columns: auto 14px 978px;
        grid-template-areas:
            "top-nav top-nav top-nav"
            "top-slider top-slider top-slider"
            ". . ."
            "recommend-left . recommend-right"
            ". . ."
            "flashsale-title flashsale-title flashsale-title"
            "flashsale-timer . flashsale-shops"
            ". . .";
    }
    .top-nav {
        grid-area: top-nav;
        background-color: #f00;
    }
    .top-slider {
        position: relative;
        grid-area: top-slider;
        background-color: #00f;
    }
    .top-slider .slider-navbar {
        position: absolute;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        bottom: 0;
        width: 234px;
        background-color: black;
        opacity: .5;
    }
    .top-recommend-left {
        grid-area: recommend-left;
        background-color: skyblue;
    }
    .top-recommend-right {grid-area: recommend-right;}
    .top-recommend-right > ul {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        height: 100%;
    }
    .top-recommend-right li {
        width: 316px;
        background-color: deepskyblue;
    }
    .top-flashsale-title {
        grid-area: flashsale-title;
        background-color: #000;
    }
    .top-flashsale-timer {
        grid-area: flashsale-timer;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .top-flashsale-shops {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        grid-area: flashsale-shops;
        background-color: #6effb1;
    }
    .top-flashsale-shops li {width: 234px;}
    
    
    /*--------center部分--------*/
    .center {
        margin-bottom: 60px;  /*边距可以在网格分区的时候考虑进去,把边距设成一行或一列,不要放内容就好了*/
        padding-top: 60px;
        grid-area: center; /*指定网格区域*/
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .center-phone-title {
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .center-phone-content {
        margin-bottom: 8px;
        display: grid;
        /*这里用flex分格更好,代码更少更简洁*/
        grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
        grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr);
        grid-template-areas:
            "big1 normal2 normal3 normal4 normal5"
            "big1 normal6 normal7 normal8 normal9";
        grid-gap: 14px; /*网格间隔*/
        height: 628px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .phone-content-item1 {grid-area: big1;}
    .phone-content-item2 {grid-area: normal2;}
    .phone-content-item3 {grid-area: normal3;}
    .phone-content-item4 {grid-area: normal4;}
    .phone-content-item5 {grid-area: normal5;}
    .phone-content-item6 {grid-area: normal6;}
    .phone-content-item7 {grid-area: normal7;}
    .phone-content-item8 {grid-area: normal8;}
    .phone-content-item9 {grid-area: normal9;}
    .center-household-title {
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .center-household-content {
        margin-bottom: 8px;
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        height: 614px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .center-household-content .row {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        flex: 1;
    }
    .row .household-content-item {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        justify-content: space-between;
        width: 234px;
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .household-content-item:last-of-type p {height: 143px;}
    .center-video-title {
        height: 58px;
        background-color: black;
    }
    .center-video-content {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        height: 285px;
        background-color: pink;
    }
    .center-video-content li {width: 296px;}
    
    
    /*--------bottom部分--------*/
    .bottom {
        grid-area: bottom; /*指定网格区域*/
        background-color: #fff;
    }
    .bottom .container {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: auto 252px;
        grid-template-rows: 80px auto;
        grid-template-areas: "service service" "links-left links-right";
    }
    .container .bottom-service {
        display: flex;
        grid-area: service;
        background-color: seagreen;
    }
    .service-item {flex: 1;}
    .container .bottom-links-left {
        display: flex;
        grid-area: links-left;
        background-color: yellow;
    }
    .links-left-item {flex: 1;}
    .container .bottom-links-right {
        grid-area: links-right;
        background-color: yellowgreen;
    }
    
    
    /*--------footer部分---------*/
    .footer {
        padding: 30px 0;
        grid-area: footer; /*指定网格区域*/
    }
    .footer-info {
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        height: 57px;
        background-color: #6effb1;
    }
    .info-left {width: 630px;}
    .info-right {width: 436px;}
    .footer-slogan {
        margin-top: 30px;
        height: 19px;
        background-color: #8545e0;
    }
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    九、其他补充:

    9.1 移动端viewport

    设置viewport:
    <meta>
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    阅读推荐:

    解读 viewport—网页自适应移动 app 神器

    https://juejin.im/entry/58e750a02f301e0062367ded

    9.2 媒体查询

    代码示例:
    @media (max-width: 767px) { ...css代码... }
    @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) { ...css代码... }
    @media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px) { ...css代码... }
    @media (min-width: 1200px) { ...css代码... }
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    相信看了本文案例你已经掌握了方法,更多精彩请关注php中文网其它相关文章!

    推荐阅读:

    flex布局的使用

    清除浮动对页面带来的影响有几种方法

    The above is the detailed content of Well-known website front-end layout analysis. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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