The role of interfaces and abstract classes in Java concurrent programming

In Java concurrent programming, interfaces and abstract classes play an important role, providing synchronization mechanisms and code reuse. Interfaces define standard behaviors, allowing different implementations to share the same public interface (1); abstract classes contain abstract methods and concrete methods, implement the same public behavior, and allow different implementations to share (2). They make complex systems such as synchronized queues easy to implement, enabling synchronization through decoupling while maintaining code reuse (3).

The role of interfaces and abstract classes in Java concurrent programming

In Java concurrent programming, interfaces and abstract classes play the role of vital role. They provide an elegant and flexible way to implement synchronization mechanisms and code reuse.

Interface

An interface is a reference type that only declares methods but does not include its implementation. They are used to define standard behavior without specifying a concrete implementation. Interfaces are particularly useful in concurrent programming because they allow different implementations to share the same public interface.

For example, the Runnable interface defines a run() method, which serves as the entry point for thread execution. By implementing Runnable, we can create new runnable threads:

public class MyRunnable implements Runnable {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 线程执行的代码
    }

}

Abstract class

Abstract class contains abstract methods and concrete methods kind. Abstract methods are not implemented, but concrete methods are. Like interfaces, abstract classes allow different implementations to share the same common behavior.

For example, the Thread class is an abstract class that defines the common behaviors of threads, such as starting, stopping, and waiting. By inheriting Thread, we can create new threads and take advantage of their predefined functions:

public class MyThread extends Thread {

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 线程执行的代码
    }

}

Practical case: Synchronization Queue

Consider a Synchronous queue using producer-consumer pattern. Producer threads insert elements, while consumer threads delete elements. In order to prevent data competition, we need a synchronization mechanism:

Use interface: We can define a Queue interface, which contains add() and remove () method. Both producer and consumer threads can implement Queue and share the same interface:

public interface Queue<T> {

    void add(T element);

    T remove();

}

Using abstract classes: We can also define an abstract classAbstractQueue<T> , which contains abstract methods add() and remove(). Producer and consumer threads can inherit AbstractQueue and provide its specific implementation:

public abstract class AbstractQueue<T> {

    abstract void add(T element);

    abstract T remove();

}

By using interfaces or abstract classes, we can achieve synchronization while maintaining code reuse. This decoupling allows us to easily swap different implementations without modifying the entire system.

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