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MYSQL EVENT使用手册_MySQL

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Release: 2016-06-01 13:39:23
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一、前言自MySQL5.1.6起,增加了一个非常有特色的功能–事件调度器(Event Scheduler),可以用做定时执行某些特定任务(例如:删除记录、对数据进行汇总等等),来取代原先只能由操作系统的计划任务来执行的工作。更值得 一提的是MySQL的事件调度器可以精确到每秒钟执行一个任务,而操作系统的计划任务(如:Linux下的CRON或Windows下的任务计划)只能精 确到每分钟执行一次。对于一些对数据实时性要求比较高的应用(例如:股票、赔率、比分等)就非常适合。
 事件调度器有时也可称为临时触发器(temporal triggers),因为事件调度器是基于特定时间周期触发来执行某些任务,而触发器(Triggers)是基于某个表所产生的事件触发的,区别也就在这里。    在使用这个功能之前必须确保event_scheduler已开启,可执行SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = 1;或SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = ON;来开启,也可以直接在启动命令加上“–event_scheduler=1”,例如:mysqld ... --event_scheduler=1 要查看当前是否已开启事件调度器,可执行如下SQL:SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'event_scheduler';或SELECT @@event_scheduler;或SHOW PROCESSLIST; 二、创建事件(CREATE EVENT)先来看一下它的语法:CREATE EVENT [IF NOT EXISTS] event_name    ON SCHEDULE schedule    [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]    [ENABLE | DISABLE]    [COMMENT 'comment']    DO sql_statement; schedule:    AT TIMESTAMP [+ INTERVAL INTERVAL]  | EVERY INTERVAL [STARTS TIMESTAMP] [ENDS TIMESTAMP] INTERVAL:    quantity {YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE |              WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE |              DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND}   1) 首先来看一个简单的例子来演示每秒插入一条记录到数据表USE test;CREATE TABLE aaa (timeline TIMESTAMP);CREATE EVENT e_test_insertON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 SECOND DO INSERT INTO test.aaa VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);等待3秒钟后,再执行查询看看:mysql> SELECT * FROM aaa;+---------------------+ | timeline            | +---------------------+ | 2007-07-18 20:44:26 | | 2007-07-18 20:44:27 | | 2007-07-18 20:44:28 | +---------------------+   2) 5天后清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;3) 2007年7月20日12点整清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE AT TIMESTAMP '2007-07-20 12:00:00'DO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;4) 每天定时清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;5) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYSTARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;
 6) 每天定时清空test表,5天后停止执行:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa; 7) 5天后开启每天定时清空test表,一个月后停止执行:CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYSTARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 5 DAYENDS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 MONTHDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]可以设置这个事件是执行一次还是持久执行,默认为NOT PRESERVE。8) 每天定时清空test表(只执行一次,任务完成后就终止该事件):CREATE EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAYON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVEDO TRUNCATE TABLE test.aaa;[ENABLE | DISABLE]可是设置该事件创建后状态是否开启或关闭,默认为ENABLE。[COMMENT 'comment']可以给该事件加上注释。   三、修改事件(ALTER EVENT)ALTER EVENT event_name    [ON SCHEDULE schedule]    [RENAME TO new_event_name]    [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]    [COMMENT 'comment']    [ENABLE | DISABLE]    [DO sql_statement]1) 临时关闭事件ALTER EVENT e_test DISABLE;2) 开启事件ALTER EVENT e_test ENABLE;3) 将每天清空test表改为5天清空一次:ALTER EVENT e_testON SCHEDULE EVERY 5 DAY;   四、删除事件(DROP EVENT)语法很简单,如下所示:DROP EVENT [IF EXISTS] event_name例如删除前面创建的e_test事件DROP EVENT e_test;当然前提是这个事件存在,否则会产生ERROR 1513 (HY000): Unknown event错误,因此最好加上IF EXISTSDROP EVENT IF EXISTS e_test;
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