What is sudo and why is it important?

sudo (superuser execution) is a key command in Linux and Unix systems that allows ordinary users to run specific commands with root privileges. The functions of sudo are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Provide permission control: sudo temporarily obtains superuser permissions by authorizing users to achieve strict control over system resources and sensitive operations. Ordinary users can only obtain temporary privileges through sudo when needed, and do not need to log in as superuser all the time.
2. Improve security: By using sudo, you can avoid using the root account in regular operations. Using the root account for all operations may lead to unexpected system damage, as any mistaken or careless operation will have full permissions. Sudo can restrict users to use privileges only when necessary, thereby reducing the risk of accidental operations.
3. Audit operations: sudo provides the function of auditing privileged operations performed by users. System administrators can track and monitor sudo usage through log files for auditing and investigation of system security and compliance.
4. Fine-grained permission management: sudo allows system administrators to assign specific command and operation permissions to users based on needs. This gives administrators precise control over the commands users can execute, preventing abuse and misuse.

In Linux and Unix systems, sudo plays a key role. It enables precise control over system resources and operations by providing temporary superuser privileges. This permission management method improves the security of the system, allows fine-grained permission management, and has the function of auditing privileged operations. Using sudo can effectively balance the relationship between user convenience and system security.

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