What new features and improvements does PHP8 bring?

What are the new features and improvements of PHP8?

PHP8 is the latest version of the PHP language, released on November 26, 2020. It introduces a number of important new features and improvements, some of which this article will detail for you and provide code examples.

1. JIT Compiler

The JIT (Just-in-Time) compiler is one of the most anticipated features of PHP8. It can dynamically compile PHP code into local machine code at runtime, thereby improving execution efficiency. The following is an example of using the JIT compiler:

<?php
// 启用JIT编译器
opcache_compile_file('/path/to/file.php');

// 执行编译后的文件
include '/path/to/file.php';

2. Type declaration enhancement

PHP8 introduces more powerful type declaration capabilities, which can be used in parameters, return values ​​and properties Make a more precise type declaration. For example:

<?php
// 参数类型声明
function sum(int $num1, int $num2): int {
    return $num1 + $num2;
}

// 返回值类型声明
function divide(int $num1, int $num2): float {
    return $num1 / $num2;
}

// 属性类型声明
class MyClass {
    public int $myProperty;
}

3. New match expression

The match expression is a new pattern matching syntax in PHP8. It is similar to a switch statement, but more flexible. The following is an example of using a match expression:

<?php
$value = 3;

$result = match ($value) {
    1 => 'A',
    2 => 'B',
    default => 'C',
};

echo $result;  // 输出 'C'

4. Null-safe operator

PHP8 introduces a new Null-safe operator (Nullsafe Operator), which can More convenient handling of possibly null values. The following is an example of using the Null safe operator:

<?php
$user = getUser();

$address = $user?->getAddress()?->getCity();

echo $address ?? 'Unknown';  // 如果$address为null，则输出'Unknown'

5. Significant performance improvements

PHP8 has achieved this by improving internal data structures and optimizing the function calling process. Substantial performance improvements. According to the official test report, the performance of PHP8 is about 20% higher than that of PHP7.4, which makes PHP8 a more efficient PHP version.

In addition to the features mentioned above, PHP8 also includes some other small improvements, such as named parameters, coroutine improvements, new string functions and array functions, etc.

Summary:

PHP8 brings many exciting new features and improvements. By introducing a JIT compiler, type declaration enhancements, new match expressions, Null-safe operators and major performance improvements, PHP 8 enables developers to write more efficient and reliable code. I hope the code examples provided in this article will help you understand these new features.

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