How to improve website performance by optimizing PHP-FPM

How to improve website performance by optimizing PHP-FPM

With the development of the Internet, website performance is crucial to user experience and business development. As one of the mainstream languages ​​​​for Web development, PHP's performance optimization has become one of the focuses of developers. PHP-FPM (FastCGI Process Manager), as the process manager of PHP, is crucial to improving the performance of the website. This article will introduce how to improve website performance by optimizing PHP-FPM and give specific code examples.

1. Configuring PHP-FPM

First, we need to configure PHP-FPM appropriately. Open the PHP-FPM configuration file (usually located in php-fpm.conf) and make the following adjustments:

• Adjust the number of processes: Set an appropriate number of processes according to the performance and load of the server , to make full use of server resources. It can be adjusted using the following configuration options:

  pm = dynamic
  pm.max_children = 50
  pm.start_servers = 5
  pm.min_spare_servers = 5
  pm.max_spare_servers = 10

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  Among them, pm.max_children is the maximum number of processes, pm.start_servers is the number of processes at startup, pm.min_spare_servers is the minimum number of idle processes, and pm.max_spare_servers is the maximum number of idle processes. Number of processes.

• Optimize memory management: Limit the memory usage of each PHP process by adjusting the memory_limit option in the php.ini file. A smaller memory limit prevents the PHP process from excessively consuming server resources.

• Enable file caching: Use the opcache extension to store PHP parsed bytecode in memory to improve performance. Add the following configuration to the php.ini file to enable the opcache extension:

  opcache.enable=1
  opcache.enable_cli=1
  opcache.memory_consumption=128

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  Where opcache.memory_consumption is the amount of memory used by opcache (in MB).

2. Optimize code

In addition to optimizing the configuration of PHP-FPM, you can also improve the performance of the website by optimizing the code.

• Use cache: For frequently read data, you can use caching technology (such as Redis or Memcached) to reduce the number of database queries. For example, use Redis as a cache and add the following code to the code:

  $redis = new Redis();
  $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
  
  $key = 'cache_key';
  if ($redis->get($key)) {
    $data = $redis->get($key);
  } else {
    $data = fetch_data_from_database();
    $redis->set($key, $data, 300);  // 设置缓存时间为300秒（5分钟）
  }
  
  echo $data;

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• Reduce database queries: Try to reduce unnecessary database queries and improve query efficiency by merging queries, using indexes, etc. At the same time, database connection pool technology can be used to reduce the cost of connecting to the database.
• Front-end performance optimization: Optimizing front-end code (such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript) can reduce page loading time. For example, use CDN acceleration, compressed resource files, lazy loading, etc. to improve page loading speed.

3. Monitoring and debugging

After optimizing PHP-FPM, we also need to monitor and debug to ensure its effectiveness. You can use tools (such as the php-fpm_status page that comes with PHP-FPM) to monitor the process status and performance indicators of PHP-FPM and make necessary adjustments.

In addition, you can use debugging tools (such as xdebug) to analyze the execution process and performance bottlenecks of the code to further optimize the code.

Summary

By optimizing the configuration of PHP-FPM, optimizing the code and monitoring and debugging, we can improve the performance of the website, enhance the user experience and business development results. This article introduces how to improve website performance by adjusting PHP-FPM configuration parameters, optimizing code and monitoring and debugging, and gives specific code examples. We hope that readers can use the guidance of this article to provide useful reference for their own website performance optimization work.

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