How to use CSS Viewport units vh and vw to adapt layout to different screen heights

How to use CSS Viewport units vh and vw to implement layout that adapts to different screen heights

With the popularity of mobile devices, many websites and applications need to adapt to different screen heights can be well presented. CSS provides a range of units, of which the vh (viewport height) and vw (viewport width) units are ideal for adapting layouts to different screen heights. This article details how to use these two units and provides specific code examples.

First, let’s understand how these two units work:

• vh (viewport height): This unit represents a percentage of the viewport height. 1vh is equal to 1% of the viewport height.
• vw (viewport width): This unit represents the percentage of the viewport width. 1vw is equal to 1% of the viewport width.

Next, we will use these two units to implement a layout that adapts to different screen heights.

1. Set the height of an element using vh units:
   We can use vh units to set the height of an element so that it automatically resizes based on the viewport height. For example, we can set the height of a div element to 50% of the screen height:

div { height: 50vh; }

In this way, when the div element is placed on a screen of different heights, its height will be adjusted accordingly. Adjustment.

2. Use vh units for vertical centering:
   We can also use vh units to achieve vertical centering of elements. This effect can be easily achieved using a combination of vh units and flexbox layout. For example, the following code will center the element vertically:

.container { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 100vh; } .element { width: 50%; }

In this example, the container element is set to occupy the height of the entire viewport (100vh), and uses flexbox to vertically center its child elements. The width of the child element is set to 50% of the viewport width.

3. Set font size using vw units:
   Another practical way to use vw units is to set font size. By setting the font size as a percentage of the viewport width, we ensure that the font has a consistent size across different screens. Here is an example:

h1 { font-size: 5vw; }

Here, the font size of the h1 element will be automatically adjusted according to the viewport width. On smaller screens, the font size will be reduced, while on larger screens, the font size will be larger.

Summary:
Using CSS viewport units vh and vw, we can easily implement layouts that adapt to different screen heights. By setting element heights, font sizes, and using layout techniques like flexbox, we can ensure that our websites and apps render well on different devices. The features and flexibility of these units make them powerful tools for responsive design.

I hope this article can help you understand how to use CSS viewport units vh and vw to implement layouts that adapt to different screen heights. By using these units, you can easily create unique and elegant web designs that work on a variety of devices.

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