Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

Release: 2023-07-25 16:46:26
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1. Define functions

In Python, to define a function, use the def statement, and write the function name, parentheses, parameters in parentheses, and colons in sequence:, Then, write the function body in an indented block, and the return value of the function is returned with the return statement.

The format for defining functions is as follows:

   def 函数名():
        代码
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Example:

   # 定义一个函数,能够完成打印信息的功能
    def printInfo():
        print '------------------------------------'
        print 'Go语言进阶学习'
        print '------------------------------------'
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  1. Define a function with parameters

The example is as follows:

  def add2num(a, b):
        c = a+b
        print c
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  1. Call function with parameters

to call add2num(a above , b) function as an example:

def add2num(a, b):
    c = a + b
    print(c)




add2num(11, 22)# 调用带有参数的函数时,需要在小括号中,传递数据
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Running result:

Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

  1. The order of parameters when calling the function

>>> def test(a,b):
...     print(a,b)
... 
print(test(1, 2))
1 2
print(test(b=1, a=2))
2 1
>>> 
>>> print(test(b=1, 2))
  File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument
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Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

二、调用函数

定义了函数之后,就相当于有了一个具有某些功能的代码,想要让这些代码能够执行,需要调用它

调用函数很简单的,通过 函数名() 即可完成调用。

例:

   # 定义完函数后,函数是不会自动执行的,需要调用它才可以
    printInfo()
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三、函数返回多个值

函数可以返回多个值吗?答案是肯定的。

  1. 带有返回值的函数

想要在函数中把结果返回给调用者,需要在函数中使用return

如下示例:

 def add2num(a, b):
        c = a+b
        return c
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或者

   def add2num(a, b):
        return a+b
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  1. 保存函数的返回值

如果一个函数返回了一个数据,那么想要用这个数据,那么就需要保存

保存函数的返回值示例如下:

# 定义函数
def add2num(a, b):
    return a + b




# 调用函数,顺便保存函数的返回值
result = add2num(100, 98)


# 因为result已经保存了add2num的返回值,所以接下来就可以使用了
print(result)
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运行结果:

Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

四、my_abs内置函数abs的差别

print(my_abs(&#39;A&#39;))
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Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

当传入了不恰当的参数时,内置函数abs会检查出参数错误,而定义的my_abs没有参数检查,会导致if语句出错,出错信息和abs不一样。

修改一下my_abs的定义,数据类型检查可以用内置函数isinstance()实现:

def my_abs(x):   
  if not isinstance(x, (int, float)):     
    raise TypeError(&#39;bad operand type&#39;)    
    if x >= 0:      
      return x  
    else:      
      return -x
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添加了参数检查后,如果传入错误的参数类型,函数就可以抛出一个错误:

my_abs(&#39;A&#39;)
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Taking stock of the basic knowledge of defining functions in Python

5. Summary

This article is based on the basics of Python and introduces function definitions. When defining a function, you need to determine the function name and number of parameters; if necessary, you can check the data type of the parameters first; you can use return inside the function body to return the function result at any time.

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source:Go语言进阶学习
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