How to use container technology for environment management in PHP development

In modern PHP development, the use of container technology for environment management has become more and more common. This article will introduce how to use Docker container technology to create, configure and manage the development environment of PHP projects.

1. Why use container technology for environment management

In traditional PHP development, in order to build an environment suitable for the current project, a large amount of configuration and installation are required. If these configurations are packaged uniformly, portability, consistency, and reliability during development can be improved. In this case, using container technology becomes an inevitable choice.

Specifically, the benefits of using container technology are as follows:

1. Environment consistency: Using containers can ensure that the environment is consistent between different machines and different developers. Consistent.
2. High portability: Containers can run in any environment that supports container technology without reconfiguring the environment.
3. Better isolation: Containers provide isolation similar to virtualization, which can ensure that the interaction between different parts of the project is minimized.

2. Use Docker to create a PHP development environment

Docker is one of the most popular container technologies at present, so this article will use Docker to create a PHP development environment.

1. Installing Docker

First, you need to install Docker on your local environment. You can download and install the Docker version suitable for your machine from the official website.

2. Create Dockerfile

Create a file named Dockerfile in the root directory of the project and write the contents of the file. Dockerfile is a script file used by Docker to create images. The specific Dockerfile content is as follows:

FROM php:7.4-fpm

# Install dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y 
    git 
    libzip-dev 
    unzip

# Install PHP extensions
RUN docker-php-ext-install zip pdo_mysql

# Install Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

# Set working directory
WORKDIR /app

The Dockerfile file means to build a new image from the existing PHP base image. Then install the necessary dependencies such as git, libzip and unzip; install the PHP extensions zip and pdo_mysql; and finally install Composer.

Note that the COPY command is used to copy files from the composer image to the new image. This ensures that the Composer tool can be used normally in the new image.

3. Build Docker image

Next, you need to use Dockerfile to build a Docker image. Enter the project root directory in the terminal, and then execute the command:

docker build -t project-name .

where project-name is the name of the Docker image to be created, and the last "." indicates the directory where the Dockerfile file is located. This command will create a new Docker image for the project.

4. Run the container

Use the following command to start the container of the new image:

docker run -p 8000:8000 -v "$(pwd)":/app -it project-name

where "8000" is the port number to be exposed by the container, here In the example, port 8000 of the container is mapped to port 8000 of the host. In addition, the -v parameter maps the current directory to the /app directory within the container so that PHP code can run within the container. Finally, "project-name" represents the name of the Docker image to use.

3. Use Docker Compose to manage complex PHP projects

For complex PHP projects, you may need to use multiple services (such as data storage, cache, Web server, etc.). At this time, you can use Docker Compose to manage these services.

Docker Compose is a tool for Docker that can be used to manage multiple Docker containers. Using Docker Compose, you can create and configure multiple containers, link them together, and handle some common deployment tasks (such as data volumes and port mapping, etc.).

1. Prepare the docker-compose.yml file

Docker Compose relies on a configuration file named docker-compose.yml. Create this file in the root directory of your PHP project and define the container to be created in it. Here is an example:

version: '3.4'

services:
  php:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"
    volumes:
      - .:/app
    depends_on:
      - db

  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: secret
      MYSQL_DATABASE: app
      MYSQL_USER: app
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: secret
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
  db_data:

This file defines two services: php and db.

The php service uses the Dockerfile file created previously to build a new image, then maps the 8000 port of the container to the 8000 port of the host, and maps the current directory to the /app directory within the container. The service also depends on the db service.

The db service uses the official image of MySQL 5.7 and defines some environment variables to set MySQL's root password, database name, user and other information. A data volume will also be created within the MySQL container as persistent storage.

Note that this file also defines a volume named db_data. Volumes are used to save data within a container so that it can be shared between different containers. Volumes also provide some persistent storage solutions.

2. Run multiple containers

After writing the docker-compose.yml file, you can use the following command to create and start all containers defined in the PHP project:

docker-compose up -d

This command will run all defined services in the background.

You can check all executed containers by running the following command:

docker ps

3. Stop and delete containers

When it is necessary to stop all services and containers, You can run the following command:

docker-compose down

This command will stop all running containers and remove all services. If you need to stop and delete a specific service, you can run the following command:

docker-compose stop service-name
docker-compose rm service-name

where service-name is the name of the service to be stopped and deleted.

This article introduces the basic concepts and steps of using Docker to create and manage a PHP development environment. Using container technology can improve the consistency, portability and reliability of the development process and play an important role in the development of PHP projects.

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