go-zero architecture design patterns and best practices

With the rapid development of the Internet, software development has become more and more complex. In order to meet this challenge, software architecture has also continued to evolve, from the initial single application to a microservice architecture. With the popularity of microservice architecture, more and more developers are beginning to adopt gRPC as the communication protocol between microservices. go-zero is a microservices framework based on gRPC. This article will introduce go-zero’s architectural design patterns and best practices.

1. go-zero framework architecture

Figure 1: go-zero framework architecture

As shown in Figure 1, the go-zero framework is divided into 4 layers, starting from the bottom Going up are the data access layer, business logic layer, API layer and network layer.

(1) Data access layer

The data access layer is responsible for interacting with the database, including the data access object DAO and the data access layer interface dbr. DAO mainly encapsulates simple SQL operations, while dbr encapsulates ORM operations. The design purpose of this layer is to encapsulate the details of the database so that the upper-layer business code does not need to care about the specific implementation of the database.

(2) Business logic layer

The business logic layer is mainly responsible for the implementation of business logic. It includes two parts: service and model. Service is the specific implementation of business logic, and model is the definition of the data structure required by business logic. This layer is designed to separate business logic from data access logic and make the business logic transparent to the data access layer.

(3) API layer

The API layer is responsible for exposing business logic as an API interface. This layer uses the protobuf protocol for communication and supports JWT authentication. The design of this layer fully considers the need to provide efficient, reliable, and scalable API interfaces for microservices.

(4) Network layer

The network layer is responsible for processing network I/O, including HTTP, TCP and WebSocket, etc., and supports asynchronous processing. This layer is designed to make full use of gRPC's advantages in network communication efficiency while supporting multiple protocols to better adapt to various scenarios.

2. Best practices of go-zero

(1) Using redis

For most Internet applications, redis is an indispensable tool. The go-zero framework provides a complete set of redis libraries, including redis client and redis pool, which can help developers easily use redis and improve system availability and performance by setting redis sharding, read-write separation and other strategies.

(2) Using rabbitmq as message middleware

Message middleware plays a vital role in the microservice architecture. The go-zero framework provides a complete set of rabbitmq libraries (go-zero/queue), which can help developers easily use rabbitmq and improve system availability and performance by setting parameters such as HA policy and message reliability.

(3) Use consul for service discovery and configuration management

Service discovery and configuration management are an integral part of the microservice architecture. The go-zero framework provides the consul library, which can help developers easily use consul and improve system availability and performance by setting policies such as service discovery, load balancing, and configuration management.

(4) Deployment using docker

Docker is currently one of the most popular containerization solutions. You can use docker to package go-zero applications into images, and then use container orchestration tools (such as kubernetes) for deployment and management. This can improve deployment efficiency, shorten deployment time, and adapt to changes in traffic through automatic scaling.

3. Summary

This article mainly introduces the design patterns and best practices of the go-zero framework. The go-zero framework adopts the industry's leading technology stack, including gRPC, protobuf, redis, rabbitmq and consul, etc., and provides a complete framework to help developers quickly and efficiently build microservice architecture. At the same time, this article introduces the best practices for system upgrade and optimization using technologies such as redis, rabbitmq, consul and docker, in order to help developers better cope with the challenges of Internet applications.

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