Nginx HTTP2 protocol optimization and security settings

With the continuous development and improvement of the Internet, the demand for speed and performance of Web servers is also getting higher and higher. To meet such demands, Nginx has successfully mastered the HTTP2 protocol and incorporated it into its server's performance. The HTTP2 protocol is more efficient than the earlier HTTP protocol, but it also has specific security issues. This article will introduce you in detail how to optimize Nginx's HTTP2 protocol and security settings.

1. Nginx HTTP2 protocol optimization

1. Enable HTTP2

The easiest way to use the HTTP2 protocol in the Nginx server is to enable SSL and TLS. To enable this protocol, we need to apply some special configuration in the nginx.conf file. Before enabling HTTP2, we need to ensure that an SSL certificate is used and each request is encrypted. For HTTP2 servers, the HTTPS encryption protocol must be used so that data is protected from being exposed on the network to prevent eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks.

2. Enable HTTP2 multiplexing

Multiplexing of the HTTP2 protocol allows the web server to transmit multiple requests and responses on a single connection at the same time. This greatly improves server performance and efficiency. Without multiplexing enabled, the advantages of the HTTP2 protocol will be greatly diminished. Enabling multiplexing is similar to enabling HTTP2. We can enable it by adding "http2_push_preload on" in the server section of the Nginx configuration file.

3. Enable Gzip for Nginx

Gzip is a common technology used to compress web server data to improve performance and efficiency. Nginx has a built-in gzip module for compressing all Html, CSS, JS, and XML documents. Turn on gzip in the configuration file:

gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;  
gzip_proxied any;  
gzip_comp_level 6;  
gzip_buffers 16 8k;  
gzip_http_version 1.1;  
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;   

Among them, the ginx configuration enables the gzip function, gzip_disable indicates the browser that disables gzip, gzip_vary enables cache support, gzip_proxied indicates the transmission method that allows compression, gzip_comp_level indicates the compression level, and gzip_buffers settings In the cache area, gzip_http_version indicates the http2.0 version and gzip_types indicates the file type with gzip enabled.

2. Nginx HTTP2 protocol security settings

1. Use HTTPS encryption

When using the HTTP2 protocol, you must use the HTTPS encryption protocol to ensure that data is transmitted during transmission Cannot be eavesdropped or modified. You can use an SSL certificate or other security protocol that prevents packets from being intercepted.

2. Turn off outdated or dangerous protocols

In Nginx’s HTTPS settings, the old and dangerous SSL and TLS protocols must be turned off. For example, SSLv2 and SSLv3 are insecure protocols that can be exploited by man-in-the-middle attacks. TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1 are also obsolete and therefore not recommended.

3. Enable HSTS

HSTS is a security measure that prevents the browser from receiving malicious embedded scripts from untrusted sources and can divert connections to your website to be secure HTTPS. HSTS setup involves adding an HSTS response header to the HTTP headers and marking them as irrevocable during HTTPS communication between the browser and the server.

add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;

Among them, max-age indicates the expiration date for setting the website to HSTS, and includeSubDomains indicates that HSTS will apply to all subdomains. This setting should always include the "always" rule to ensure that the HSTS header is present in every response, even on a 404 error.

Conclusion

Nginx’s HTTP2 protocol can improve server performance, but at the same time, security issues need to be paid attention to. To secure your server, you must use an SSL certificate and TLS protocol to protect your data, turn off insecure legacy protocols, and enable HSTS to protect your browser from malicious embedded script attacks. Enabling gzip in Nginx configuration can optimize website performance. With these configurations, you can greatly improve the performance and security of your Nginx server.

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