Start with Server Configuration: The Originator of PHP High Performance

With the advent of the Internet era, the application of PHP language is becoming more and more widespread. From small websites to large platforms, PHP plays an irreplaceable role. However, PHP performance bottlenecks have also become the focus of attention. This article will start with server configuration, introduce some basic concepts, optimization methods and application practices of PHP high performance, and provide some valuable reference for PHP developers.

1. Server configuration

Server configuration is directly related to the performance of PHP. Therefore, it is crucial to choose the appropriate server, operating system, network protocol, and Web server.

1. Server selection: Common servers include Apache and Nginx. The advantages of Apache are stability, rich functions, and many modules that support PHP, but its processing throughput is relatively low. Nginx has obvious advantages in terms of lightweight, high efficiency, optimization of static files and reverse proxy. Therefore, if the PHP program accesses a lot of static files, it is recommended to use Nginx.

2. Operating system selection: Linux system is generally the first choice, mainly because the Linux system has high stability and supports high-quality open source software. At the same time, the Linux system supports long-running processes, such as Swoole, which can achieve its maximum performance in the Linux environment.

3. Network protocol selection: HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 are two commonly used network protocols. HTTP 1.1 supports continuous connections, reducing the number of communications with the server and improving efficiency.

4. Web server selection: If you use the Apache server, you need to install the mod_php module and set the processing method for running PHP scripts in CGI mode. Nginx requires fastcgi to allow PHP to interact with Nginx.

2. Code writing optimization

1. Avoid using eval and too many function calls: eval is one of the slowest PHP functions and should be avoided as much as possible. At the same time, too many function calls will reduce the efficiency of the program. It is recommended to use a method similar to chain calls to reduce the number of function calls.

2. Use ternary expressions: Ternary expressions are an effective alternative to if else statements, which can reduce code time and speed up the execution of algorithms.

3. Use static variables and constants: Static variables and constants can reduce the reading and assignment operations of variables, so they can improve program running efficiency.

4. Shorten code length: Removing unnecessary code and reducing file size can improve program response and processing speed, and also help optimize cache.

3. Database optimization

1. Optimize SQL query statements: By optimizing query statements and reducing the number of queries, you can speed up data query. Common optimization methods include: using indexes, removing duplicate records, avoiding the use of subqueries, using JOIN instead of subqueries, etc.

2. Caching technology: Caching technology is a powerful tool to improve database access efficiency. Different caching strategies should be selected based on system characteristics, such as page caching, data caching, object caching, SQL caching, etc.

3. Partitioning: For tables with large amounts of data, partitioning technology can be considered for optimization. This method can divide the data into several small tables, reduce the scope of data retrieval, and improve query efficiency.

4. Expansion

1. Use Swoole: Swoole is a high-performance asynchronous network communication framework, with performance exceeding PHP-FPM and Nginx. The advantages of using Swoole mainly include: support for coroutines, asynchronous IO, and TCP/UDP/WebSocket protocols.

2. Use Redis: Redis is an open source, high-performance in-memory database with many functions, such as caching, queues, real-time message push, etc. Using Redis can greatly improve the system's concurrency performance and data storage and access speed.

3. Use APC and Opcache: Both are cache extensions of PHP. They can cache PHP compiled code to avoid the cost of compiling it every time it is run, thereby improving the speed of interpretation and execution.

Summary

Optimizing PHP performance requires comprehensive consideration of many factors, starting from server configuration, code writing optimization, database optimization and expansion selection, etc., to gradually improve the efficiency and performance of the system, and provide Provide users with a better user experience. However, it should be noted that excessive optimization will affect the readability and maintainability of the program. Therefore, reasonable performance optimization should be carried out while ensuring the functional requirements.

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