golang install protoc

As an open source programming language, Golang's usage scenarios are becoming more and more widespread, and programs written in Golang need to interact with other programs. Many of these applications use Protocol Buffers as the communication format between them. Protocol Buffers is a data serialization protocol developed by Google that can efficiently encode and decode complex data structures in binary format.

To use Protocol Buffers, we need to install the proto compiler (protoc), which is the compiler of Protocol Buffers and is used to compile .proto files into source files for various programming languages, including Golang. How to use Protocol Buffers in Golang and how to install protoc will be described in detail in this article.

Install protoc

Install protoc from source code

On Linux systems, we can download the source code of protoc from GitHub, and then use the following command to compile and install:

$ git clone https://github.com/google/protobuf
$ cd protobuf
$ ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make && sudo make install

On Mac OS, we can use Homebrew to install protoc:

$ brew install protobuf

Use precompiled binaries

We can also download precompiled binaries from the official website of Protocol Buffers Compiled binary files, so you can skip the step of compiling protoc and start using it directly:

1. Visit [Protocol Buffers official website](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases) .
2. Choose the corresponding version according to your operating system and processor architecture, download protoc-X.X.X-OS-ARCH.zip.
3. Extract the file and add bin/protoc to the system path: export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/protoc/bin.

Using Protocol Buffers in Golang

After installing protoc, you need to use it in Golang. For Golang, there are two ways to use Protocol Buffers:

1. Hand-write the Protocol Buffers description file, and then generate Go code based on this description file;
2. Use the protobuf tool to generate Golang code, and Use this generated code in your project.

Handwritten Protocol Buffers description file and generate Go code

Write .proto file

Before using Protocol Buffers, we need to write a .proto file for Describe the data structure and format of the message. Here is a simple example:

syntax = "proto3";

package greet;

message HelloRequest {
  string name = 1;
}

message HelloReply {
  string message = 1;
}

• syntax = "proto3"; means we are using the third version of Protocol Buffers.
• package greet; is the package name required by gRPC.
• message is the definition of the message, which contains the field names and types.
• string name = 1; Indicates that the data type of the field is string, the field name is name, and the field number is 1.

Use protoc to compile and generate Go code

After writing the .proto file, we can use the protoc compiler to generate Go code. Use the following command to generate Go code:

$ protoc --go_out=. *.proto

This command will compile all .proto files in the current directory into Go code and generate it in the current directory.

Use the protobuf tool to generate Golang code

We can also use the protobuf tool to generate Golang code. The protobuf tool is an official command line tool that can automatically generate it for us based on the .proto file. Code in various programming languages.

Install the protobuf tool

Execute the following command in the command line to install the protobuf tool:

$ go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go

Write the .proto file

Similarly, we also need to write a .proto file to describe the data structure and message format. The above example is also used here.

Generate Golang code based on the .proto file

Use the following command to generate Golang code:

$ protoc --go_out=. --go-grpc_out=. --go_opt=paths=source_relative *.proto

This command will generate Golang code based on the messages, services and messages you defined in the .proto file. Method to generate corresponding Golang code.

We have introduced how to use Protocol Buffers in Golang and how to install protoc. By using Protocol Buffers in Golang, data transmission between different processes can be easily realized and communication efficiency can be improved.

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