What computing tools were widely used before the advent of computers?

The calculation tools that were widely used before the advent of computers include: Quipu or khipu, plan, Antikythera device, abacus, Napier slide rule, logarithmic slide rule , mechanical counter.

A computing tool that was widely used before the advent of computers

Chipp

Quipu or khipu is the rope used by the Incas to tie knots to record events. It is a method of knotting ropes used by the ancient Incas to count or record history. It is made of many colored knots.

Planning

Planning means bamboo code, an ancient calculation tool; it also means planning, planning, and estimating the amount of materials; it is also called "planning".

Abacus

The abacus (abacus) is a form of manually operated calculation aid. It originated in China and has a history of more than 2,600 years. It is an important invention in ancient China. Before the advent of Arabic numerals, the abacus was a widely used calculation tool around the world. Today, the abacus continues to be used in parts of Asia and the Middle East, especially in shops, where it can be purchased from stores that offer Chinese and Japanese goods. In the West, it is sometimes used to help young children understand numbers, and some mathematicians enjoy the experience of using an abacus to solve simple arithmetic problems.

Antikythera Mechanism

Antikythera Mechanism This is an ancient ship built on the Greek island of Antikythera in 1901. A bell-shaped device found in the wreckage of the ship that sank with the ship more than 2,100 years ago. The device consists of a series of copper gears (over 30), cranks and dials that can be controlled. More than a hundred years later, scientists finally revealed its astonishing mystery with the assistance of modern advanced technology - the device called the "Antikythera Device" turned out to be a super astronomical "computer" from two thousand years ago. Astronomers It is a tool for calculating the celestial body's movement period. Its advanced nature has not been surpassed by anyone in the thousands of years since it was made.

Napier slide rule

Napier slide rule, also called "Napier chip", can use addition and single-digit multiplication instead of multi-digit multiplication. It can also be used Division and subtraction simplify calculations by replacing multi-digit divisions.

Logarithmic slide rule

A logarithmic slide rule is an analog computer that usually consists of three interlocked graduated bars and a sliding window (called for the cursor). It was widely used until the 1970s, when it was replaced by electronic calculators and became an obsolete technology.

Mechanical counter

Mechanical counter is a machine that counts in a mechanical form, and is used in counting skipping counters and car mileage counters.

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