1. Basic data types
number: numeric type
string: string (note s is lowercase: string is the basic type)
boolean: Boolean type // The first three have corresponding packaging classes
null: empty type
undefined: undefined type
Test one:
<html>
<!--基本类型测试-->
<head>
<script>
function f1(){ //number类型
/*有返回值时也不能function void f1(){}*/
alert('hello');
/*alert(); 弹出消息框*/
alert('hehe');
var i=100;
//js当中字符串可用单引号也可用双引号
i='hello';
//typeof是一个运算符，可以返回变量实际存放的数据的类型
alert(typeof i);
/*js是弱类型语言 不能： number i=100; 不能在声明时指明其类型，在运行时才能确定*/
}
function f2(){ //string类型
var str1='hello';
var str2='hello';
if(str1==str2){
alert("str1==str2");
}else{
alert("str1!=str2");
}
var str3='100';
var i=100;
if(str3==i){ //两个＝号，进行类型转换
alert("str3==i");
}else{
alert("str3!=i");
}
if(str3===i){ //三个=号，不进行类型转换
alert("str3==i");
}else{
alert("str3!=i");
}
}
function f3(){ //boolean类型
//布尔类型只有两个值：true/false;
var flag=true;
alert(typeof flag);
//var str="abc";
var str=new Object();//创建一个对象,对象会转换为true;
var str=null; //转换为false;
var str; //undefined 转换为false;
//强制转换，非空的字符串转换为true,非零的数字转换为true;
if(str){
alert('结果为真');
}else{
alert('结果为假');
}
}
function f4(){ //null类型
var obj=null;
//null类型只有一个值——null;
//输出的结果是Object
alert(typeof obj);
}
function f5(){ //undefined类型
var obj;
alert(typeof obj);
}
</script>
</head>
<body style="font-size:30px;">
<input type="button" value="演示基本类型的使用"
onclick="f1();"/>
</body>
</html>Test two: parseInt
<html><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>
<head>
<script>
/*number--->string
string---->number
*/
function f1(){ //字符串变数字
// var str1='fsfs'; 读出NaN
// var str1="1234fsfs"; 可以读出1234
// var str1="fsfs1234"; 不可以读出
// var str1="22323.08";
var str1='1234';
//window.parseInt(); window可以省略
var n1=parseInt(str1);
//js浮点运算会有误差，先放大x倍，再缩小x倍
// var n2=parseFloat(str1);
//undefined + 数字 ＝ NaN
alert(n1+100);
}
function f2(){
var n1=100;
//number--->Number(对应的包装类型) 再调用toString();
var s1=n1.toString();
// var s1=n1+'';
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="演示基本数据类型" onclick="f1();"/>
</body>
</html>Test 3: String method
length attribute: Returns the length of the string
charAt(index): Returns the specified position Characters
substring(from,to): Returns the substring
indexOf(str): Returns the position of the string in the original string
lastIndexOf(str):
match(regexp): Returns an array that matches the regular expression
Interception
function f4(){ //string的方法
var str1="abcdef";
var str2=str1.substring(1,4);
alert(str2);
}Regular
function f5(){
var str="asdfas12323adfasf23423";
//在js中用/reg/,在执行时，会将//内的内容转换成一个RegExp对象
var reg=/[0-9]+/g;
//reg中是一个对象，不是字符串,注意加一个g搜索整个字符串，还有i忽略大小写。
var arr=str.match(reg);
alert(arr);
}Find
function f6(){
var str1="sdf1223asdfasf23423";
var reg=/[0-9]+/;
//alert(typeof reg);
alert(reg instanceof RegExp);
var index = str1.search(reg);
alert(index);
}Replace
function f7(){
var str1="sdf444asdfadf4423";
var reg=/[0-9]+/g;
var str2 = str1.replace(reg,'888');
alert(str2);
}2. Object type (array, function, others in the next article)
1. Array
The length of js array is variable
JS array elements are arbitrary (different types of data can be mixed and stored)
<html>
<head>
<script>
function f1(){ //创建数组的第一种方式
var arr=new Array(); //()可以省略不写
arr[0]=1;
arr[3]=2;
arr[5]='abc';
alert(arr.length);
alert(arr[1]);
alert(arr[3]);
}
function f2(){ //第二种方式
var arr=[];
arr[0]=1;
arr[3]=22;
var arr=[1,2,3,4,5,6];
arr[7]=11;
alert(arr.length);
}
function f3(){ //多维数组的创建
var arr = new Array();
arr[0]=[1,2,3,4,5];
arr[1]=[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13];
arr[2]=[14,15,16,17,18,19];
for(var i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
for(j=0;j<arr[i].length;j++){
alert(arr[i][j]);
}
}
}
function f4(){ //数组常用的属性和方法
var arr=[11,22,33,44];
arr.length=2; //数组的长度可以写,后面的被砍掉
alert(arr);
alert(typeof abc);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="数组的使用" onclick="f4()"/>
</body>
</html>Some functions in the array
<html>
<head>
<script>
function f1(){
var a1 = [1, 2, 3];
var str = a1.join(|);
alert(str);
}
function f2(){
var a1 = [1, 2, 3];
var a2 = [4, 5, 6];
var a3 = a1.concat(a2); //数组连接
alert(a3);
}
function f4(){
var a1 = [1, 2, 3];
var a2 = a1.reverse(); //是对原有数组翻转
alert(a2);
alert(a1); //原数组变了
}
function f5(){
var a1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
var a2 = a1.slice(2,4); //对数组截取
alert(a2);
alert(a1); //原数组没有变化
}
function f6(){
var a1 = [5, 1, 7, 2, 8];
var a2 = a1.sort(); //从小到大
alert(a2);
}
function f7(){
var a1 = [15, 111, 7, 22, 88];
var a2 = a1.sort(); //默认按照字典顺序排序
alert(a2);
}
function f8(){
var a1 = [15, 111, 7, 22, 88];
var a2 = a1.sort(function(t1, t2){
return t2-t1;
});
alert(a2);
}
function f9(){ //按照字符串长度排序
var a1 = ['abc', 'bb', 'casd', 'a'];
var a2 = a1.sort(function(t3, t4){
return t4.length-t3.length;
});
alert(a2);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="click me" onclick="f9()"/>
</body>
</html>2. Function
Define a function
function function name (parameter){
function body
}
Several issues to pay attention to
a. There cannot be a return Type declaration, but can have return value.
b. The essence of a function is an object, an instance of the Function type. The function name is a variable that stores the address of the object (the function name is a variable).
c. In the function Internally, you can use the arguments object to access parameters
d. Functions cannot be overloaded
<html>
<!--函数的使用-->
<head>
<script>
function add(a1, a2){
return a1+a2;
}
function test(){
var sum = add(1, 1);
alert(sum);
}
function test2(){
// alert(typeof add);
alert(add instanceof Function); //函数是Function类型的实例
var f2 = add; //存放的是对象的地址
add = null; //add指向空
var sum = f2(1, 1); //等价于 add(1, 1);
alert(sum);
}
function add2(arg1, arg2){
//return arg1 + arg2;
return arguments[0]+arguments[1];
}
function add3(arg1, arg2){ //首先指向一个对象
return arg1+arg2+100;
}
function add3(){ //指向了另一个对象
return arguments[0]+arguments[1];
}
function test3(){
//var sum = add2(1); //结果为NaN,因为arg2是undifined
//var sum(1, 1, 1); //结果为2
//var sum=add(1, 1);
//var sum = add2(1, 1, 1);
var sum = add3(1, 1);
alert(sum);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" value="click me" onclick="test3()"/>
</body>
</html>For other Object types, please see the next article
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