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Python getopt模块处理命令行选项实例

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Release： 2016-06-16 08:44:11
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getopt模块用于抽出命令行选项和参数，也就是sys.argv
命令行选项使得程序的参数更加灵活。支持短选项模式和长选项模式
例如  python scriptname.py -f 'hello' --directory-prefix=/home -t --format 'a' 'b'

复制代码 代码如下:

import getopt, sys
shortargs = 'f:t'
longargs = ['directory-prefix=', 'format']
opts, args = getopt.getopt( sys.argv[1:], shortargs, longargs )

getopt.getopt ( [命令行参数列表], '短选项', [长选项列表] )

短选项名后的冒号 : 表示该选项必须有附加的参数
长选项名后的等号 = 表示该选项必须有附加的参数

返回 opts 和 args
opts 是一个参数选项及其value的元组 ( ( '-f', 'hello'), ( '-t', '' ), ( '--format', '' ), ( '--directory-prefix', '/home' ) )
args 是一个除去有用参数外其他的命令行输入 ( 'a', 'b' )  

复制代码 代码如下:
# 然后遍历 opts 便可以获取所有的命令行选项及其对应参数了
for opt, val in opts:
    if opt in ( '-f', '--format' ):
        pass
    if ....

使用字典接受命令行的输入，然后再传送字典，可以使得命令行参数的接口更加健壮

# 两个来自 python2.5 Documentation 的例子

复制代码 代码如下:

>>> import getopt, sys
>>> arg = '-a -b -c foo -d bar a1 a2'
>>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt( sys.argv[1:], 'abc:d:' )
>>> optlist
[('-a', ''), ('-b', ''), ('-c', 'foo'), ('-d', 'bar')]
>>> args
['a1', 'a2']

>>> arg = '--condition=foo --testing --output-file abc.def -x a1 a2'
>>> optlist, args = getopt.getopt( sys.argv[1:], 'x', ['condition=', 'output-file=', 'testing'] )
>>> optlist
[ ('--condition', 'foo'), ('--testing', ''), ('--output-file', 'abc.def'), ('-x','') ]
>>> args
['a1', 'a2']

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