How Does `translate3d` Affect CSS `z-index`, and How Can I Maintain Stacking Order?

3D Transform Impacts on CSS z-Index

When working with overlapping absolutely positioned elements, z-index properties are essential for controlling their stack order. However, when using the translate3d WebKit transform, this control is lost.

Explanation

During a translate3d transform, elements are moved in a 3D space. By assigning a value to the third parameter (-1px in this case), the element is positioned along the z-axis. However, this elevation in the 3D space also alters how z-index values are applied, causing elements to disregard their established stack order.

Maintaining Stack Order

To preserve the stack order during 3D transforms, use the CSS property transform-style: flat; for the relevant element.

Example Implementation

Before the transform
Set webkit transition values:

element.css({ '-webkit-transition-duration': duration + 's' });
element.css({ '-webkit-transition-property': '-webkit-transform' });

During the transform
Animate using translate3d, ensuring the third parameter is set to flatten the element's position along the z-axis:

element.css({ '-webkit-transform': 'translate3d(' + hwDelta + 'px, 0, 0)' });

After the transform
Apply transform-style: flat; to retain the stack order:

element.css({ 'transform-style': 'flat' });

By incorporating this property, the elements will maintain their pre-transform z-index stacking, allowing for correct display within a multi-layered context.

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