How to Implement a Fixed Header Table with Horizontal and Vertical Scrollbars Using CSS and JavaScript?

Fixed Header Table with Horizontal Scrollbar and Vertical Scrollbar on

This question addresses the issue of sticky headers and scrollbars in HTML/CSS tables when the container size reaches a certain point.

Existing Solutions

The issue is common, and a variety of solutions have been proposed, including:

• Truncating or hiding overflow: This can be achieved using CSS properties like overflow: hidden or text-overflow: ellipsis. However, it may not be visually appealing or preserve the full data.
• Using JavaScript libraries: Several JavaScript libraries, such as DataTables and ScrollTable, provide solutions for creating fixed headers and scrollbars in tables. However, these solutions may require additional code or dependencies.

CSS-Only Solution

While pure CSS cannot fully achieve fixed headers and scrollbars in all scenarios, it can provide a partial solution:

/* Give the table a container with fixed height and scrolling */
#container {
  height: 400px;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

/* Make the table header fixed */
#header {
  position: sticky;
  top: -1px;
}

CSS3 Solution (Not Supported in IE8)

For better control and improved support, CSS3 properties can be used:

/* Give the table a container with fixed height and scrolling */
#container {
  height: 400px;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

/* Make the table header fixed and set its width */
#header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
}

Note: These solutions assume that the table header and body have fixed widths. If the widths are not fixed, additional CSS rules or calculations may be required.

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