Why Does the Order of `perspective()` in CSS `transform` Matter for 3D Transformations?

CSS 3D Transformations: Perspective Interactions

When applying 3D transformations in CSS, the order of execution plays a crucial role. This is particularly relevant when using the perspective() function.

Problem Description

A user has observed that the transform property exhibits different effects depending on whether the perspective() function is declared at the beginning or end of the property value. This behavior has been witnessed in both Chrome and Firefox browsers.

Root Cause

According to the CSS specifications, the transformation matrix is calculated by applying the transformation functions from left to right. When the perspective() function is placed at the end, it is applied after all other transformations, such as translations. This results in the translation being performed without taking perspective into account.

Solution

To ensure accurate 3D transformations, it is imperative to specify the perspective() function at the beginning of the transform property value.

Example:

box:nth-child(1):hover {
  transform: perspective(1000px) translate3d(0, 0, -100px);
}

box:nth-child(2):hover {
  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 100px) perspective(1000px);
}

In this example, the first box will be translated in 3D space with the perspective effect applied, while the second box will not have the perspective applied.

Additional Considerations:

• It is not recommended to use the perspective property within elements that are undergoing transformations. This may lead to unexpected results.
• The order of transformation functions is significant and can affect the outcome. It is crucial to experiment and explore the impact of different sequences.

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