How Can I Achieve a 100% Minimum Height Layout in CSS?

Achieving 100% Minimum Height in CSS Layouts

One common challenge in web development is creating layouts where elements maintain a minimum height across various screen sizes and devices. In layouts consisting of fixed-height headers and footers, adjusting the middle content area to occupy the remaining space while keeping the footer fixed to the bottom can be tricky.

To address this, one effective approach is to utilize a combination of CSS properties that together enable 100% minimum height layouts.

1. Min-height:
Setting the min-height property of the container element to 100% ensures that the container will not shrink below 100% of the viewport height. This ensures that the content can push the container taller if necessary.

2. Relative Positioning:
Positioning the container element with position: relative allows the footer to stay fixed to its bottom edge. As the container height increases, the footer automatically adjusts its position to remain at the bottom.

3. Padding-bottom:
Adding padding-bottom to the content area creates space for the absolute-positioned footer. This padding is included in the scrolled height, preventing footer overlap with the content.

Example Code:

div#container {
    position: relative;
    min-height: 100%;
}

div#content {
    padding-bottom: 5em;
}

div#footer {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

By implementing this approach, elements can maintain a minimum height of 100%, ensuring that the content fills the available space and the footer remains fixed to the bottom. This technique works across various browsers and viewport dimensions, providing a reliable and effective solution for minimum height layouts.

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