How Does the Plus Sign ( ) Work in CSS Adjacent Sibling Combinator?

CSS Adjacent Sibling Combinator: Understanding the Plus Sign

In CSS, the plus sign ( ) is used as the adjacent sibling combinator. This means it selects elements that immediately follow a specific element.

Example:

<code class="css">h2 + p {
  font-size: 1.4em;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: #777;
}</code>

In this rule, the h2 p selector targets all p elements that come directly after an h2 element.

How It Works:

The adjacent sibling combinator ensures that the selected element:

• Follows the preceding element immediately without any intervening elements.
• Shares the same parent element.

Illustration:

Consider the following HTML structure:

<code class="html"><h2>Headline!</h2>
<p>The first paragraph.</p>  <!-- Selected -->
<p>The second paragraph.</p> <!-- Not selected -->

<h2>Another headline!</h2>
<blockquote>
    <p>A quotation.</p>      <!-- Not selected -->
</blockquote></code>

Results:

• Selected: The first p element because it directly follows an h2 element.
• Not selected: The second p element because it doesn't immediately follow an h2 element.
• Not selected: The p element within the blockquote because an h2 element doesn't precede it within the blockquote.

Usage:

The adjacent sibling combinator is useful for styling specific sequences of elements within a document, for example:

• Rendering visually distinct paragraphs that follow headings.
• Emphasizing alternate rows in a table.
• Creating drop-down menus that are adjacent to navigation links.

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