How to test error handling in Golang?

Common methods for testing error handling in Go include: using error.Error() to check whether the error message is an empty string; using testing.T.FatalError() and testing.T.Errorf() to output the error message and mark it Test fails or continues execution; use require assertion functions, such as require.NoError and require.EqualError, to stop the test on failure.

How to test error handling in Golang?

An important aspect of writing robust code in Golang is handling errors correctly. Testing error handling processes is critical to ensuring that your code responds correctly when unforeseen circumstances arise.

Using error.Error()

The simplest way is to check whether the value of the error type variable is an empty string. This is useful when checking for specific error messages is not required.

func TestError(t *testing.T) {
    err := errors.New("Error occurred")

    if err != nil {
        t.Error(err)
    }
}

Use testing.T.FatalError() and testing.T.Errorf()

FatalError and Errorf The function can output an error message and mark the test as failed. FatalError stops the test immediately, while Errorf continues the test but prints an error message.

func TestError(t *testing.T) {
    err := errors.New("Error occurred")

    t.Fatalf("Error occurred: %v\n", err)
    // t.Errorf("Error occurred: %v\n", err)
}

Using require Assertions

require is a built-in assertion function in Go that stops the test on failure. It provides several methods to check for errors, including require.NoError and require.EqualError.

func TestError(t *testing.T) {
    err := errors.New("Error occurred")

    require.NoError(t, err)
    // require.EqualError(t, err, "Error occurred")
}

Practical case

The following is a practical example of error handling in the test.Send() method:

func TestClient_Send(t *testing.T) {
    client := &Client{
        conn: mockConn{},
    }

    msg := &Message{
        Data: []byte("Hello"),
    }

    err := client.Send(msg)

    require.EqualError(t, err, "Error sending message: mock connection error")
}

Conclusion

The above method provides an effective way to test error handling in Golang. Choosing the appropriate strategy depends on the specific situation and the project's testing strategy.

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