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使用PHP的反射Reflection获取对象信息

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Release: 2016-06-13 09:38:55
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PHP5添加了一项新的功能:Reflection。这个功能使得程序员可以reverse-engineer class, interface,function,method and extension。通过PHP代码,就可以得到某object的所有信息,并且可以和它交互。

假设有一个类Person:

class Person {  
	/** 
     * For the sake of demonstration, we"re setting this private
     */ 
    private $_allowDynamicAttributes = false;
 
    /** type=primary_autoincrement */
    protected $id = 0;
 
    /** type=varchar length=255 null */
    protected $name;
 
    /** type=text null */
    protected $biography;
 
        public function getId()
        {
        	return $this->id;
        }
        public function setId($v)
        {
           	$this->id = $v;
        }
        public function getName()
        {
       		return $this->name;
        }
        public function setName($v)
        {
         	$this->name = $v;
        }
        public function getBiography()
        {
          	return $this->biography;
        }
        public function setBiography($v)
        {
         	$this->biography = $v;
        }
}
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通过ReflectionClass,我们可以得到Person类的以下信息:

  • 常量 Contants
  • 属性 Property Names
  • 方法 Method Names
  • 静态属性 Static Properties
  • 命名空间 Namespace
  • Person类是否为final或者abstract

只要把类名"Person"传递给ReflectionClass就可以了:

$class = new ReflectionClass('Person');
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获取属性(Properties):

$properties = $class->getProperties();
foreach($properties as $property) {
    echo $property->getName()."n";
}
// 输出:
// _allowDynamicAttributes
// id
// name
// biography
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默认情况下,ReflectionClass会获取到所有的属性,private 和 protected的也可以。如果只想获取到private属性,就要额外传个参数:

$private_properties = $class->getProperties(ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE);
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可用参数列表:

  • ReflectionProperty::IS_STATIC
  • ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC
  • ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED
  • ReflectionProperty::IS_PRIVATE

如果要同时获取public 和private 属性,就这样写:ReflectionProperty::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionProperty::IS_PROTECTED

应该不会感觉陌生吧。

通过$property->getName()可以得到属性名,通过getDocComment可以得到写给property的注释。

foreach($properties as $property) {
    if($property->isProtected()) {
        $docblock = $property->getDocComment();
        preg_match('/ type=([a-z_]*) /', $property->getDocComment(), $matches);
        echo $matches[1]."n";
    }
}
// Output:
// primary_autoincrement
// varchar
// text
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有点不可思议了吧。竟然连注释都可以取到。

获取方法(methods):通过getMethods() 来获取到类的所有methods。返回的是ReflectionMethod对象的数组。不再演示。

最后通过ReflectionMethod来调用类里面的method。

$data = array("id" => 1, "name" => "Chris", "biography" => "I am am a PHP developer");
foreach($data as $key => $value) {
    if(!$class->hasProperty($key)) {
        throw new Exception($key." is not a valid property");
    }
 
    if(!$class->hasMethod("get".ucfirst($key))) {
        throw new Exception($key." is missing a getter");
    }
 
    if(!$class->hasMethod("set".ucfirst($key))) {
        throw new Exception($key." is missing a setter");
    }
 
    // Make a new object to interact with
    $object = new Person();
 
    // Get the getter method and invoke it with the value in our data array
    $setter = $class->getMethod("set".ucfirst($key));
    $ok = $setter->invoke($object, $value);
 
    // Get the setter method and invoke it
    $setter = $class->getMethod("get".ucfirst($key));
    $objValue = $setter->invoke($object);
 
    // Now compare
    if($value == $objValue) {
        echo "Getter or Setter has modified the data.n";
    } else {
        echo "Getter and Setter does not modify the data.n";
   }
}
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有点意思。

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