詳解五種Spring事務Transaction配置的注入方式-java教程-PHP中文網

這篇文章主要介紹了Spring事務Transaction配置的五種注入方式詳解，具有一定的參考價值，有興趣的小夥伴們可以參考一下。

前段時間對spring的事務配置做了比較深入的研究，在此之間對Spring的事務配置雖說也配置過，但是一直沒有一個清楚的認識。透過這次的學習發覺Spring的事務配置只要把思路理清，還是比較好掌握的。

總結如下：

Spring設定檔中關於交易配置總是由三個組成部分，分別是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理機制這三部分，無論哪種配置方式，一般變化的只是代理機制這部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager這兩部分只是會根據資料存取方式有所變化，例如使用hibernate進行資料存取時，DataSource實際上為SessionFactory，TransactionManager的實作為HibernateTransactionManager。

具體如下圖：

根據代理機制的不同，總結了五種Spring事務的配置方式，設定檔如下：

第一種方式：每個Bean都有一個代理

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionFactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
 <bean id="transactionManager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置DAO --> 
 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="userDao" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
 <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*"> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 </beans>

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第二種方式：所有Bean共享一個代理基類別

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionFactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
 <bean id="transactionManager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="transactionBase" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 
 lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
 <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置DAO --> 
 <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase"> 
 <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 
 </bean> 
 </beans>

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第三種方式：使用攔截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <bean id="sessionFactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
 <bean id="transactionManager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean id="transactionInterceptor" 
 class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 
 <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 
 <!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
 <property name="transactionAttributes"> 
 <props> 
 <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> 
 </props> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 
 <property name="beanNames"> 
 <list> 
 <value> *Dao </value> 
 </list> 
 </property> 
 <property name="interceptorNames"> 
 <list> 
 <value> transactionInterceptor </value> 
 </list> 
 </property> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 配置DAO --> 
 <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 </beans>

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第四種方式：使用tx標籤配置的攔截器

<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> 
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context 
 www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
 www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
 
 <context:annotation-config /> 
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
 
 <bean id="sessionFactory" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
 <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
 <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
 <bean id="transactionManager" 
 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
 </bean> 
 
 <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> 
 <tx:attributes> 
 <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> 
 </tx:attributes> 
 </tx:advice> 
 
 <aop:config> 
 <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" 
 expression="execution(*com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
 <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" 
 pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" /> 
 </aop:config> 
 </beans>

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第五種方式：全註解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
   www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
   www.springframework.org/schema/context
   www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
   www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
   www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

 <context:annotation-config />
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />

 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

 <bean id="sessionFactory" 
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 
  <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
  <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
 </bean> 

 <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
 <bean id="transactionManager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean>
</beans>

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此時在DAO上需加上@Transactional註解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

 public List<User> listUsers() {
  return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
 }  
}

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