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Detailed explanation of Server.xml content [Tomcat]

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Release: 2017-04-24 10:57:58
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Structural diagram of Tomcat Server

##This file describes how to start Tomcat Server


<Server>  <Listener />  <GlobaNamingResources>  </GlobaNamingResources  <Service>  <Connector />  <Engine>  <Logger />  <Realm />  <host>  <Logger />  <Context />  </host>  </Engine>  </Service> </Server>
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##unpackWARsIf it is true, tomcat will automatically decompress the WAR file, otherwise it will not decompress and run the application directly from the WAR file Logger (representing logs, debugging and error information)classNameSpecifies the class name used by the logger. This class must implement org.apache. catalina.Logger interfaceprefixSpecify the prefix of the log file
Element name

Attribute

Explanation

server port Specify a port, which is responsible for listening and closing tomcat request
shutdown Specifies the command string sent to the port
service name Specify the name of the service
Connector (representing the connection between the client and the service) port #Specify the server to create The port number, and listen for requests from the client on this port
minProcessors Processors created when the server starts Number of threads requested
##maxProcessors Maximum number of threads that can be created to process requests
enableLookups If true, you can get the actual host name of the remote client by calling request.getRemoteHost() to perform a DNS query. If it is false, DNS query will not be performed, but its ip address will be returned.
redirectPort The specified server is processing The port number to redirect after receiving an SSL transfer request when http request
acceptCount Specify when all can When all the threads used to process requests are used, the number of requests that can be placed in the processing queue. Requests exceeding this number will not be processed
connectionTimeout Specify the number of timeouts (in milliseconds)
Engine (indicates request processing in the specified service machine, receives and processes requests from Connector) defaultHost Specifies the default host name for processing requests, which is at least the same as The name attribute value of a host element is the same
Context (indicating a web application, usually a WAR file. For specific information about WAR, see the servlet specification) docBase The path of the application or the path where the WAR file is stored
path represents the prefix of the URL of this web application, so the requested URL is http://localhost:8080/path/****
reloadable This attribute is very important. If it is true, tomcat will automatically detect the application's /WEB-INF/lib and changes to the /WEB-INF/classes directory to automatically load new applications. We can change applications without restarting tomcat
host (Indicates a virtual host) name Specify the host name
appBase The application base directory, which is the directory where the application is stored
suffix Specify the suffix of the log file
timestamp If it is true, the time must be added to the log file name, as in the following example: localhost_log.001-10-04.txt
Realm (represents the database that stores usernames, passwords and roles) className Specifies the class used by Realm Name, this class must implement the org.apache.catalina.Realm interface
Valve (the function is similar to Logger, and its prefix and suffix attribute explanations are the same as those in Logger ) className Specify the class name used by Valve. For example, use the org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve class to record the application's Access information
directory Specify the location where the log file is stored
pattern has two values, the common mode records the remote host name or IP address, user name, date, the string requested in the first line, and the HTTP response Code, number of bytes sent. The combined method records more values ​​than the common method

元素 它代表整个容器,是Tomcat实例的顶层元素.由org.apache.catalina.Server接口来定义.它包含一个元素.并且它不能做为任何元素的子元素.

注意:一个“Server”自身不是一个“Container”(容器),因此在这里你 不可以定义诸如“Valves”或者“Loggers”子组件 –>

在端口8005处等待关闭命令 如果接受到”SHUTDOWN”字符串则关闭服务器 –>

测试: telnet localhost 8005 输入:SHUTDOWN 结果:关闭tomcat


<Server port=”8005″ shutdown=”SHUTDOWN” debug=”0″>
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1>className指定实现org.apache.catalina.Server接口的类.默认值为org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer 2>port指定Tomcat监听shutdown命令端口.终止服务器运行时,必须在Tomcat服务器所在的机器上发出shutdown命令.该属性是必须的. 3>shutdown指定终止Tomcat服务器运行时,发给Tomcat服务器的shutdown监听端口的字符串.该属性必须设置

元素 该元素由org.apache.catalina.Service接口定义,它包含一个元素,以及一个或多个,这些Connector元素共享用同一个Engine元素

注意:一个“Service”自身不是一个容器,因此,在这个级别上你不可定义 诸如“Valves”或“Loggers”子组件。 –>

Service是一组Connector的集合 它们共用一个Engine来处理所有Connector收到的请求 –>

第一个处理所有直接由Tomcat服务器接收的web客户请求. 第二个处理所有由Apahce服务器转发过来的Web客户请求 .

1>className 指定实现org.apahce.catalina.Service接口的类.默认为org.apahce.catalina.core.StandardService 2>name定义Service的名字

元素 由Connector接口定义.元素代表与客户程序实际交互的给件,它负责接收客户请求,以及向客户返回响应结果.


<!– 一个“Connector”(连接器)代表一个请求被接收和应答所需要的端点。每个连 接器通过相关的“Container”(容器)处理请求。
默认情况下,一个非SSL的HTTP/1.1的连接器被绑定在端口8080。你也可以通过 根据后面的使用说明并取消第二个连接器入口的注释,在端口8443上建立一个 SSL HTTP/1.1的连接器。开放SSL支持需要下面几步(参见Tomcat 5文档中怎样 配置SSL的说明以取得更多的详细信息): * 如果你的JDK是1.3或1.3以前的版本,下载安装JSSE 1.0.2或以后版本,并放 置JAR文件到“$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext”目录下。 * 带一个“changeit”的口令值执行: %JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (Windows) $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA (UNIX) 来生成它自己的证书私钥。
默认情况下,当一个web应用程序调用请求时,DNS查询是可行的。这将对性能造 成一些不利的影响,因此,你可以将“enableLookups”设置为“false”来关闭DNS 查询。当DNS查询被关闭时,request.getRemoteHost()将返回包含远程客户IP地 址的字符串。 –><!– Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector className : 该Connector的实现类是org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteConnector port : 在端口号8080处侦听来自客户browser的HTTP1.1请求.如果把8080改成80,则只要输入 http://localhost/即可 protocol:设定Http协议,默认值为HTTP/1.1 minSpareThreads: 该Connector先创建5个线程等待客户请求,每个请求由一个线程负责 maxSpareThread:设定在监听端口的线程的最大数目,这个值也决定了服务器可以同时响应客户请求的最大数目.默认值为200 acceptCount : 当现有线程已经达到最大数75时,为客户请求排队.当队列中请求数超过100时,后来的请求返回Connection refused错误 redirectport : 当客户请求是https时,把该请求转发到端口8443去 enableLookups:如果设为true,表示支持域名解析,可以把IP地址解析为主机名.WEB应用中调用request.getRemoteHost方法返回客户机主机名.默认值为true connectionTimeout:定义建立客户连接超时的时间.如果为-1,表示不限制建立客户连接的时间其它属性略 –><Connector port=”8080″ maxThread=”50″ minSpareThreads=”25″  maxSpareThread=”75″ enableLookups=”false” redirectPort=”8443″  acceptCount=”100″ debug=”0″ connectionTimeout=”20000″  disableUploadTimeout=”true” /><Connection port=”8009″ enableLookups=”false” redirectPort=”8443″ debug=”0″ protocol=”AJP/1.3″ />
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第一个Connector元素定义了一个HTTP Connector,它通过8080端口接收HTTP请求;第二个Connector元素定义了一个JD Connector,它通过8009端口接收由其它服务器转发过来的请求.

元素 每个Service元素只能有一个Engine元素.处理在同一个中所有元素接收到的客户请求.由org.apahce.catalina.Engine接口定义.


<!– 一个“Engine”(引擎)代表处理每个请求的入口点(在Catalina内)。这个Tomcat 的标准独立引擎实现分析包含在请求中的HTTP头信息,并将请求传送到适当的主机 或虚拟主机上。–><!– Engine用来处理Connector收到的Http请求  它将匹配请求和自己的虚拟主机,并把请求转交给对应的Host来处理  默认虚拟主机是localhost –><Engine name=”Catalina” defaultHost=”localhost” debug=”0″>
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1>className指定实现Engine接口的类,默认值为StandardEngine 2>defaultHost指定处理客户的默认主机名,在中的子元素中必须定义这一主机 3>name定义Engine的名字

可以包含如下元素, , ,

元素 它由Host接口定义.一个Engine元素可以包含多个元素.每个的元素定义了一个虚拟主机.它包含了一个或多个Web应用.


<!– 定义默认的虚拟主机 注意:XML模式确认将不能与Xerces 2.2同工作。 –><!– 虚拟主机localhost appBase : 指 定虚拟主机的目录,可以指定绝对目录,也可以指定相对于<CATALINA_HOME>的相对目录.如果没有此项,默认 为<CATALINA_HOME>/webapps. 它将匹配请求和自己的Context的路径,并把请求转交给对应的Context来处 理 autoDeploy:如果此项设为true,表示Tomcat服务处于运行状态时,能够监测appBase下的文件,如果有新有web应用加入进来,会自运发布这个WEB应用 unpackWARs:如果此项设置为true,表示把WEB应用的WAR文件先展开为开放目录结构后再运行.如果设为false将直接运行为WAR文件 alias:指定主机别名,可以指定多个别名 deployOnStartup:如果此项设为true,表示Tomcat服务器启动时会自动发布appBase目录下所有的Web应用.如果Web应用 中的server.xml没有相应的<Context>元素,将采用Tomcat默认的Context –> 
<Host name=”localhost” debug=”0″ appBase=”webapps” unpackWARs=”true” autoDeploy=”true”>
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元素中可以包含如下子元素 , , , < Context>元素 它由Context接口定义.是使用最频繁的元素.每个可以包含多个元素.每个web应用有唯一 的一个相对应的Context代表web应用自身.servlet容器为第一个web应用创建一个


<!– Context,对应于一个Web App  path : 该Context的路径名是”",故该Context是该Host的默认Context docBase : 该Context的根目录是webapps/mycontext/ reloadable:如果这个属性设为true,  Tomcat服务器在运行状态下会监视在WEB-INF/classes和Web-INF/lib目录CLASS文件的改运.如果监视到有class文件 被更新,服务器自重新加载Web应用 useNaming:指定是否支持JNDI,默认值为了true cookies指定是否通过Cookies来支持Session,默认值为true –> 
 <Context path=”" docBase=”mycontext” debug=”0″/>
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Tomcat Server处理一个http请求的过程

假设来自客户的请求为:

localhost:8080/wsota/wsota_index.jsp

1) 请求被发送到本机端口8080,被在那里侦听的Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector获得 2) Connector把该请求交给它所在的Service的Engine来处理,并等待来自Engine的回应 3) Engine获得请求localhost/wsota/wsota_index.jsp,匹配它所拥有的所有虚拟主机Host 4) Engine匹配到名为localhost的Host(即使匹配不到也把请求交给该Host处理,因为该Host被定义为该Engine的默认主机) 5) localhost Host获得请求/wsota/wsota_index.jsp,匹配它所拥有的所有Context 6) Host匹配到路径为/wsota的Context(如果匹配不到就把该请求交给路径名为”"的Context去处理) 7) path=”/wsota”的Context获得请求/wsota_index.jsp,在它的mapping table中寻找对应的servlet Context匹配到URL PATTERN为*.jsp的servlet,对应于JspServlet类 9) 构造HttpServletRequest对象和HttpServletResponse对象,作为参数调用JspServlet的doGet或doPost方法 10)Context把执行完了之后的HttpServletResponse对象返回给Host 11)Host把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Engine 12)Engine把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Connector 13)Connector把HttpServletResponse对象返回给客户browser

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