Python命令行参数解析模块optparse使用实例

代码如下:

from optparse import OptionParser
[...]
def main():
usage = "usage: %prog [options] arg"
parser = OptionParser(usage)
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", dest="filename",
help="read data from FILENAME")
parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose",
action="store_true", dest="verbose")
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
action="store_false", dest="verbose")
[...]
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if len(args) != 1:
parser.error("incorrect number of arguments")
if options.verbose:
print "reading %s..." % options.filename
[...]

if __name__ == "__main__":
main()

代码如下:

OptionParser.add_option(option)
OptionParser.add_option(*opt_str, attr=value, ...)

代码如下:

parser.add_option(“-f”, attr=value, …)

代码如下:

parser.add_option(“–foo”, attr=value, …)

代码如下:

​parser.add_option("-f", "--file", action="store", type="string", dest="filename")

代码如下:

-ffoo
-f foo
--file=foo
--file foo

代码如下:

options.filename = “foo”

代码如下:

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()

行为(action)

●store 默认行为,保存值到dest
●“store_const” 保存常量
●“append” append this option's argument to a list
●“count” increment a counter by one
●“callback” call a specified function

设置默认值(default)

代码如下:

parser.add_option("-v", action="store_true", dest="verbose", default=True)
parser.set_defaults(verbose=True)

提供help选项即可,可以用parser.print_help()打印出来

代码如下:

parser.add_option(“-f”, “–file”, dest=”filename”,help=”write report to FILE”, metavar=”FILE”)

支持store_true和store_false两个行为

代码如下:

parser.add_option("-v", action="store_true", dest="verbose")
parser.add_option("-q", action="store_false", dest="verbose")

错误处理

代码如下:

(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
[...]
if options.a and options.b:
parser.error("options -a and -b are mutually exclusive")

格式如下

class optparse.OptionGroup(parser, title, description=None)

代码如下:

group = OptionGroup(parser, "Dangerous Options",
"Caution: use these options at your own risk. "
"It is believed that some of them bite.")
group.add_option("-g", action="store_true", help="Group option.")
parser.add_option_group(group)

代码如下:

Usage: [options] arg1 arg2

Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose make lots of noise [default]
-q, --quiet be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)
-f FILE, --filename=FILE
write output to FILE
-m MODE, --mode=MODE interaction mode: novice, intermediate, or
expert [default: intermediate]

Dangerous Options:
Caution: use these options at your own risk. It is believed that some
of them bite.

-g Group option.

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