Quickly set up Nginx and configure its basic parameters-PHP Tutorial-php.cn

This article mainly introduces the configuration of quickly setting up Nginx and its basic parameters. It has certain reference value. Now I share it with you. Friends in need can refer to

The quick setting up and basics of Nginx Parameters

1. Introduction to Nginx

1. Brief description of Nginx

Nginx is an open source, high-performance, reliable HTTP middleware and proxy service.

2. Common HTTP services

httpd - Apache
IIS - Microsoft
GWE - Google
tomcat - Sun

2. Why choose Nginx

1. IO multi-channel Multiplexing epoll

What is IO multiplexing

The I/O operations of multiple descriptors can be completed concurrently and alternately in one thread. This It's called I/O multiplexing. The "multiplexing" here refers to reusing the same thread.

What is epoll

How to implement IO multiplexing: select, poll, epoll

select

Basic principle:
The file descriptors monitored by the select function are divided into three categories, namely writefds, readfds, and exceptfds. After calling, the select function will block until a descriptor is ready (data is readable, writable, or except), or it times out (timeout specifies the waiting time, and it can be set to null if it returns immediately), and the function returns. When the select function returns, you can find the ready descriptor by traversing fdset.

select Disadvantages:
1. There is a maximum limit on the number of file descriptors that can be monitored.
2. Linear scanning is inefficient.

epoll

Basic principle:
epoll supports horizontal triggering and edge triggering. The biggest feature is edge triggering, which only tells the process Which fd has just become ready and will only be notified once. Another feature is that epoll uses the "event" readiness notification method to register the fd through epoll_ctl. Once the fd is ready, the kernel will use a callback-like callback mechanism to activate the fd, and epoll_wait can receive the notification.

Advantages of epoll:
1. There is no limit on the maximum concurrent connections, and the upper limit of FDs that can be opened is much greater than 1024 (1G of memory can monitor about 100,000 ports) .
2. The efficiency is improved. It is not a polling method, and the efficiency will not decrease as the number of FDs increases.
3. Memory copy, use mmap() file mapping memory to accelerate message passing with the kernel space; that is, epoll uses mmap to reduce copy overhead.

2. Lightweight

Fewer functional modules

Code modularization

3. CPU Affinity (affinity) is good

CPU affinity (affinity) is a way to bind the CPU core to the Nginx worker process, fixing each worker process to execute on one CPU, and reducing the CPU cache miss, for better performance.

4. sendfile

3. Quick setup and basic parameters of Nginx (CentOS7)

1. yum installation [Reference]

Create`/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo` file and enter the following content

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

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OS Optional values are centos and rhel.
OSRELEASE is the system version, for example, 6 and 7 represent versions 6.x and 7.x respectively.

Run`yum install -y nginx` Install nginx

Run`nginx -v` Check nginx version

[root~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0

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2. Detailed explanation of compilation parameters

View the compilation parameters during nginx installation

nginx -V

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[root~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.14.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled

configure arguments: 
--prefix=/etc/nginx 
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx 
--modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules 
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log 
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log 
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid 
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock 
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp 
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp 
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp 
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp 
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp 
--user=nginx 
--group=nginx 
--with-compat 
--with-file-aio 
--with-threads 
--with-http_addition_module 
--with-http_auth_request_module 
--with-http_dav_module 
--with-http_flv_module 
--with-http_gunzip_module 
--with-http_gzip_static_module 
--with-http_mp4_module 
--with-http_random_index_module 
--with-http_realip_module 
--with-http_secure_link_module 
--with-http_slice_module 
--with-http_ssl_module 
--with-http_stub_status_module 
--with-http_sub_module 
--with-http_v2_module 
--with-mail 
--with-mail_ssl_module 
--with-stream 
--with-stream_realip_module 
--with-stream_ssl_module 
--with-stream_ssl_preread_module 
--with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' 
--with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

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Detailed explanation of installation and compilation parameters [Reference]

nginx dynamics Module installation directoryMain configuration file name and directoryGlobal error log file name and directoryThe name of the main request log file of the HTTP server and the directory nginx.pid directory, this is the storage Process ID file of the main processdirectory where nginx.lock is locatedTemporary files retained by nginx when executing the corresponding moduleSet the user and user group for Nginx process startup Randomly select from the directory A random homepageNginx client statusHTTP content replacement#--with-cc-opt=--with-ld-opt=3. Detailed explanation of the installation directory

Compile options	Function
`--prefix =/etc/nginx`	Configuration file directory
`--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx`	Executable file name and directory
#--modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp -path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http -uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp
--user=nginx --group=nginx
--with-http_random_index_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_sub_module
Set additional parameters that will be added to the CFLAGS variable
Set additional parameters and link to the system library

View the installation location of all nginx files

rpm -ql nginx
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[root~]# rpm -ql nginx /etc/logrotate.d/nginx /etc/nginx /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params /etc/nginx/scgi_params /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params /etc/nginx/koi-utf /etc/nginx/koi-win /etc/nginx/win-utf /etc/nginx/mime.types /etc/sysconfig/nginx /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service /usr/lib64/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx/modules /etc/nginx/modules /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx-debug /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0 /usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0/COPYRIGHT /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/nginx/html /usr/share/nginx/html/50x.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html /var/cache/nginx /var/log/nginx /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/check-reload /usr/libexec/initscripts/legacy-actions/nginx/upgrade
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Default path/ etc/logrotate.d/nginx /etc/nginx/etc/nginx /fastcgi_params##/etc/nginx/koi-utfEncoding conversion mapping conversion file/ etc/nginx/mime.typesSet the corresponding relationship between the Content-Type and extension of the http protocol/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx-debug.service is used to configure the system daemon manager management method/usr/lib64/nginx/modules Nginx module directory/usr/sbin/nginxTerminal command for startup management of Nginx service/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0Nginx manual and help files/var/cache/nginxNginx cache Directory/var/log/nginxNginx log directory

4. Nginx common commands

Type	Function
Configuration file	Nginx log rotation, used for log cutting of logrotate service
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx /conf.d/default.conf Directory, configuration file	nginx main configuration file
/etc/nginx/uwsig_params /etc/nginx/scgi_params Configuration file	cgi Configuration related, fastcgi configuration
`/etc/nginx/koi-win` `/etc/nginx/win-utf` `Configuration file`
`Configuration file`
`/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service` `/etc/sysconfig/ nginx` `/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug` `Configuration file`
`/etc/nginx/mudules` `Directory`
`/usr/sbin/nginx-debug` `Command`
`/usr/share/doc/nginx-1.14.0/COPYRIGHT` `/usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz` `File, directory`
`Directory`
`Directory`

##CommandExplanationStart nginx with the specified configuration file##nginx -s quitnginx -s stopnginx -s reload [-c ]nginx -s reopennginx -vnginx -V# #nginx -t [-c ]## The nginx -s reload


nginx [-c ]
Stop nginx normally and Nginx completes the accepted connection request before exiting.
Quickly stops nginx, regardless of whether there are any requests being processed.
Reload configuration file
Reopen the log file
View version
View the compilation parameters during installation
`Check whether the syntax of the configuration file is correct`

command loads the modified configuration file. After the command is issued, the following events occur

The master process of Nginx checks the correctness of the configuration file. If it is an error, an error message will be returned, and nginx will continue to use the original configuration file to work (because the worker is not affected)

Nginx starts a new worker process and uses the new configuration file

Nginx allocates new requests to new worker processes

Nginx waits for all requests from previous worker processes to return, then closes the relevant worker processes

Repeat the above process until all old worker processes are closed

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