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mysql中mysqlhotcopy备份数据库总结

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Release: 2016-06-07 17:52:56
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mysqlhotcopy是mysql数据库中一个备份工具,相对于mysqldump是一个快速文件意义上的COPY,mysqlhotcopy是一个数据库端的SQL语句集合。

mysqlhotcopy用法

使用mysqlhotcopy之前需要安装perl-DBI和DBD-mysql:

1、执行yum install perl-DBI安装perl-DBI。
2、安装DBD-mysql请参考底部资料

一个常用的备份例子:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy -u root -p Zmh537817 --addtodest 数据库名1 数据库名2 备份目录
–addtodest的意思是当备份存在时,不中断备份,只添加新的文件进去。
更多的选项可以执行/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy –help查看。

如何还原?

1、停止mysql服务器。
2、复制备份的数据库目录到mysql数据目录下。
3、更改目录所有者为mysql服务器运行的用户(如mysql)。
4、启动mysql服务器

实例

mysqlhotcopy只用于备份MyISAM。它运行在Unix和NetWare中

使用方法见下面的脚本.加入crotab中吧.

 代码如下 复制代码

#!/bin/sh

# Name:mysqlbackup.sh

# PS:MySQL DataBase Backup,Use mysqlhotcopy script.

# Last Modify:2008-06-12

# 定义变量,请根据具体情况修改

# 定义脚本所在目录

scriptsDir=`pwd`

# 数据库的数据目录

dataDir=/var/lib/mysql

# 数据MySQL备份目录

tmpBackupDir=/tmp/mysqlblackup

backupDir=/backup/mysql

# 用来备份数据库的用户名和密码

mysqlUser=root

mysqlPWD='you password'

# 如果临时备份目录存在,清空它,如果不存在则创建它

if [[ -e $tmpBackupDir ]]; then

rm -rf $tmpBackupDir/*

else

mkdir $tmpBackupDir

fi

# 如果备份目录不存在则创建它

if [[ ! -e $backupDir ]];then

mkdir $backupDir

fi

# 得到数据库备份列表,在此可以过滤不想备份的数据库

for databases in `find $dataDir -type d |

sed -e "s//var/lib/mysql///" |

sed -e "s/test//"`; do

if [[ $databases == "" ]]; then

continue

else

# MySQL备份数据库

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy --user=$mysqlUser --password=$mysqlPWD -q "$databases" $tmpBackupDir

dateTime=`date "+%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%S"`

echo "$dateTime Database:$databases backup success!" >>MySQLBackup.log

fi

done

# 压缩备份文件

date=`date -I`

cd $tmpBackupDir

tar czf $backupDir/mysql-$date.tar.gz ./

#End完成

加入到crontab中设置每周5运行

 代码如下 复制代码

0 0 * * 5 /backup/blackup.sh

注意:恢复数据库到备份时的状态

mysqlhotcopy 备份出来的是整个数据库目录,使用时可以直接拷贝到 mysqld 指定的 datadir (在这里是 /var/lib/mysql/)目录下即可,同时要注意权限的问题,如下例:

 代码如下 复制代码

shell> cp -rf db_name /var/lib/mysql/

shell> chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/ (将 db_name 目录的属主改成 mysqld 运行用户)

本套备份策略只能恢复数据库到最后一次备份时的状态,要想在崩溃时丢失的数据尽量少应该更频繁的进行MySQL备份,要想恢复数据到崩溃时的状态请使用主从复制机制(replication)。

mysqlhotcopy备份报错

错误信息:

 代码如下 复制代码

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy -u root -p  --addtodest --noindices --flushlog -q qeedoo /tmp/bakinstall_driver(mysql) failed: Can't locate DBD/mysql.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 .) at (eval 7) line 3. Perhaps the DBD::mysql perl module hasn't been fully installed, or perhaps the capitalisation of 'mysql' isn't right. Available drivers: DBM, ExampleP, File, Proxy, Sponge.

解决办法:

 代码如下 复制代码

# http://search.cpan.org/~capttofu/DBD-mysql-3.0008/ wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/C/CA/CAPTTOFU/DBD-mysql-4.020.tar.gz tar zxvf DBD-mysql-4.020.tar.gz cd /tmp/DBD-mysql-4.020 perl Makefile.PL --mysql_config=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_configmakemake install

最后编译安装完之后 发现还是报错:

 代码如下 复制代码
?12345 install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't load '/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so' for module DBD::mysql: libmysqlclient.so.16: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi/DynaLoader.pm line 230.  at (eval 7) line 3 Compilation failed in require at (eval 7) line 3. Perhaps a required shared library or dll isn't installed where expected  at /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy line 177

是因为tar安装mysql后的路径配置的有问题

vi /etc/ld.so.conf
把mysql的这个库文件路径添加进去

 代码如下 复制代码

echo "/usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf ldconfig

再执行mysqlhotcopy的时候,一切正常。

有一台服务出现如下问题:
以下问题待遇查看资料,先记下另外这个问题:

 代码如下 复制代码

Can't locate DBI.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.8.8 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.8 .) at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy line 8. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlhotcopy line 8.

原因:系统没有按安装DBI组件

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