Docker 17 中文开发手册
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Docker内置的群集模式公钥基础设施（PKI）系统使得安全部署容器编排系统变得非常简单。群中的节点使用相互传输层安全性（TLS）来验证，授权和加密与群中其他节点的通信。

当您通过运行创建swarm时docker swarm init，Docker将自己指定为管理器节点。默认情况下，管理器节点会生成一个新的根证书颁发机构（CA）和一个密钥对，用于保护与加入该群体的其他节点的通信。如果您愿意，可以使用--external-cadocker swarm init命令的标志来指定您自己的外部生成的根CA.

当您将其他节点加入到群集中时，管理器节点还会生成两个令牌：一个工作人员令牌和一个管理员令牌。每个令牌都包含根 CA 证书的摘要和随机生成的秘密。当节点加入群集时，加入节点使用摘要来验证来自远程管理器的根 CA 证书。远程管理员使用该秘密来确保加入节点是批准的节点。

每当新节点加入群时，管理员都会向节点发出证书。证书包含一个随机生成的节点 ID，用于标识证书公用名称（CN）下的节点和组织单位（OU）下的角色。节点ID用作当前群中节点生存期的密码安全节点标识。

下图说明了工作管理器节点和工作节点如何使用最少的 TLS 1.2来加密通信。

下面的示例显示了来自工作节点的证书的信息：

Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 3b:1c:06:91:73:fb:16:ff:69:c3:f7:a2:fe:96:c1:73:e2:80:97:3b Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN=swarm-ca Validity Not Before: Aug 30 02:39:00 2016 GMT Not After : Nov 28 03:39:00 2016 GMT Subject: O=ec2adilxf4ngv7ev8fwsi61i7, OU=swarm-worker, CN=dw02poa4vqvzxi5c10gm4pq2g...snip...

默认情况下，群中的每个节点每三个月更新一次证书。您可以通过运行该docker swarm update --cert-expiry 命令来配置此间隔。最小旋转值是1小时。有关详细信息，请参阅 Docker 群更新 CLI 参考。

轮换CA证书

如果群集 CA 密钥或管理器节点受到危害，您可以轮换群集根CA，以便任何节点都不会再信任由旧的根 CA 签署的证书。

运行docker swarm ca --rotate以生成新的CA证书和密钥。如果你愿意，你可以传递--ca-cert和--external-ca标志来指定根证书，并使用群集外部的根 CA. 或者，您可以通过--ca-cert和--ca-key标志来指定您希望群使用的确切证书和密钥。

当你发出这个docker swarm ca --rotate命令时，下面的事情按顺序发生：

  1. Docker 生成一个交叉签名证书。这意味着新的根 CA 证书的版本是使用旧的根 CA 证书签署的。此交叉签名证书用作所有新节点证书的中间证书。这可确保仍信任旧根 CA 的节点将能够验证由新 CA 签名的证书。

  1. 在Docker 17.06 及更高版本中，Docker 还告诉所有节点立即更新其 TLS 证书。此过程可能需要几分钟时间，具体取决于群中节点的数量。

注意：如果您的 swarm 具有不同 Docker 版本的节点，则以下两种情况属实：

- Only a manager that is running as the leader **and** running Docker 17.06 or higher will tell nodes to renew their TLS certificates.- Only nodes running Docker 17.06 or higher will obey this directive.

对于最可预测的行为，确保所有 swarm 节点都在运行 Docker 17.06 或更高版本。

  1. 在群中的每个节点都有新的 CA 签名的新 TLS 证书后，Docker 将忘记旧的 CA 证书和密钥材料，并告诉所有节点只信任新的 CA 证书。这也会导致群体的联合令牌发生变化。以前的联合令牌将不再有效。从这一点开始，所有已颁发的新节点证书都将使用新的根 CA 进行签名，并且不会包含任何中间件。了解更多

  1. 阅读有关节点如何工作。

  1. 了解群集模式服务如何工作。

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