What can computers be classified according to their application scope?

Computers can be divided into two categories according to their application scope: 1. General-purpose computers refer to computers that can be used in various industries and various working environments; general-purpose computers are highly adaptable and have a wide range of applications. However, its operating efficiency, speed and economy will be affected to varying degrees based on different application objects. 2. Special-purpose computer refers to an electronic computer designed and manufactured specifically to solve a specific problem. It generally has a fixed stored program and has the advantages of fast speed and high reliability.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

According to the application scope, computers can be divided into: general-purpose computers and special-purpose computers.

General-purpose computer

General-purpose computer refers to a computer that can be used in various industries and various working environments, such as schools, homes, factories, and hospitals. All users such as offices and companies can use general-purpose computers; the brand-name machines and compatible machines we usually buy are general-purpose computers. General-purpose computers can not only do office work, but can also do graphic design, create web page animations, and search for information online.

General-purpose computers also include electronic computers with complete functions suitable for scientific computing, data processing, process control and other applications. They have high computing speed, large storage capacity, and are equipped with relatively complete external devices. and software. However, compared with special-purpose computers, its structure is complex and expensive.

General-purpose computers are highly adaptable and have a wide range of applications, but their operating efficiency, speed and economy will be affected to varying degrees based on different application objects.

Classification:

General-purpose computers can be divided into supercomputers, mainframes, medium-sized computers, minicomputers, microcomputers and single-chip computers according to their scale, speed and functions. . The basic differences between these types usually lie in their size, structural complexity, power consumption, performance indicators, data storage capacity, instruction system and equipment, software configuration, etc.

Generally speaking, supercomputers have very high computing speeds and can execute hundreds of millions of instructions per second. They have large data storage capacity, are large in scale, have complex structures, and are expensive. They are mainly used for large-scale scientific calculations. It is also one of the important indicators to measure a country’s scientific strength. A single-chip computer is made of only one integrated circuit. It is small in size, light in weight, and has a very simple structure. Its performance is between mainframes and single-chip computers, including mainframes, medium-sized computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Their performance indicators and structural scale decrease accordingly.

Microcomputers, also known as personal computers, are currently the fastest growing field. It is divided into several types according to the different microprocessor chips it uses: first, those using Intel chips 386, 486 and Pentium and other IBM PCs and their compatibles; second, those using PowerPC chips jointly developed by IBM--Apple-Motorola Apple's Macintosh already has a machine using this chip; again, DEC has launched a machine using its own Alpha chip.

Special-purpose computer

Special-purpose computer is an electronic computer designed and manufactured specifically to solve a specific problem. Generally have fixed stored procedures. The advantages are fast speed and high reliability. For example, the steel rolling control computer that controls the steel rolling process, the special computer that calculates missile trajectories, etc., can solve specific problems quickly, has high reliability, and has a simple structure and low price.

1. It is prohibited to use dedicated computers to access the Internet.

2. It is prohibited to use CDs, floppy disks and removable storage devices on special computers. It is strictly prohibited to copy and install files and software that are not related to work on the computer.

3. It is prohibited to process special information on non-dedicated computer systems.

4. In principle, the dedicated computer resources of each unit can only be used for the dedicated work of the unit. It is prohibited to use dedicated computer resources to engage in activities unrelated to the dedicated work. [1]

5. External units that borrow the dedicated computer resources of each unit of our company (including lending resources and using resources from the company) must fill in an approval form and obtain approval from the person in charge of the unit. The custodian of the computer or Users are not allowed to borrow materials without authorization.

6. When users take a special portable computer out for use, they must fill in the "Registration Form for Carrying a Portable Computer Outside" and have it approved by the unit's computer administrator. After returning, the computer administrator needs to check the computer and fill in the computer information truthfully.

7. Special-purpose computers can only be used by designated personnel. Without authorization, no one is allowed to open or use the special-purpose computer at will.

8. Each unit designates a dedicated person to be responsible for the installation and maintenance of the unit's computer software. Users are strictly prohibited from installing computer software without authorization and disassembling computer equipment without authorization.

9. When using a special computer, the user has the responsibility for safekeeping. Any failure or damage caused during use shall be compensated by the user according to the situation.

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