5 major functions: 1. CPU management, allowing the CPU to serve external devices and users in turn according to predetermined priorities and management principles, or to process multiple tasks in parallel at the same time; 2 , Storage management, how to reasonably allocate and use limited memory space, is an important task of memory management for the operating system; 3. File management, that is, file storage space management, directory management, file operation management, and file protection; 4. , Equipment management, including equipment allocation, equipment transmission control, etc.; 5. Job management, which is responsible for processing any requirements submitted by users.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.
Computer operating systems usually have five major functions: CPU management, storage management, file management, device management and job management.
The operating system (English: Operating System, abbreviation: OS) is a set of interrelated systems that supervises and controls computer operations, uses and runs hardware and software resources, and provides public services to organize user interaction. software program. According to the operating environment, operating systems can be divided into desktop operating systems, mobile operating systems, server operating systems, embedded operating systems, etc.
From the perspective of resource management, the functions of the operating system to control and manage computer resources are mainly divided into the following five parts:
1. CPU control and management:CPU is the most important hardware resource in the computer system. Any program can only run if it occupies the CPU. Its information processing speed is much faster than the memory access speed and the working speed of external devices. Only by coordinating the relationship between them can it fully Take advantage of the CPU. The operating system can enable the CPU to serve external devices and users in turn according to predetermined priorities and management principles, or to process multiple tasks in parallel at the same time to achieve resource sharing, thereby improving the work efficiency of the computer system. Make the most of it.
2. Memory allocation and management: When computers deal with problems, they not only need hardware resources, but also use many software resources such as operating systems, compilation systems, user programs and data, and When and where these software resources are placed in the memory, and where the user data is stored, the operating system needs to uniformly allocate and manage the memory to keep them connected and avoid interfering with each other. How to reasonably allocate and use limited memory space is an important task of memory management for the operating system.
3. Control and management of external devices:The operating system controls the channel between external devices and the CPU, queues the requested external devices in a certain priority order, and waits for the CPU response. In order to improve the degree of parallel operations between the CPU and input/output devices, and to coordinate the work rhythm between the high-speed CPU and low-speed input and output devices, the operating system usually sets some buffers in the memory so that the CPU and external devices can pass through the buffers. area to transfer data in batches. The data transmission method is to first read a set of data from the external device into the buffer of the memory at a time, and then the CPU reads the data from the buffer in turn. After the data in the buffer is used up, it reads a set of data from the external device into the buffer. district. In this way, the data interaction between the CPU and the input and output devices is carried out in groups, which reduces the number of interactions between the CPU and the external devices and improves the computing speed.
Device management has the following functions: device allocation, device transmission control, and device independence.
4. File control and management:Record a logically complete set of information with a name as a whole and save it in a storage device. This whole information is called a file. In order to distinguish files with different information, they are named respectively, called file names. For example, a source program, a batch of data, a document, a table or a picture can each form a file. The operating system implements access by file name according to user requirements, and is responsible for organizing files and controlling file access permissions, printing, etc.
Simply put, file management: file storage space management, directory management, file operation management, and file protection.
5. Job control and management:Jobs include programs, data and problem-solving control steps. A calculation problem is a job, and the printing of a document is also a job. The operating system organizes and manages all jobs entering the system to improve operating efficiency. The job management function of the operating system provides a "job control language" through which users can write instructions for controlling job execution. At the same time, it also provides operators and end users with a "command language" to talk to the system and use it to request system services. Operations The system controls the execution of user jobs according to the requirements of the operating instructions or the commands received.
Simply put, job management is responsible for processing any requirements submitted by users.
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