The computer hardware system mainly includes: 1. Central processing unit, which includes arithmetic unit and controller; 2. Internal memory, namely RAM and ROM; 3. Input devices, mainly keyboard and mouse , microphone, etc.; 4. Output devices, mainly monitors, speakers, printers, etc.; 5. External memory, that is, hard disk.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, DELL G3 computer.
Computer hardware mainly includes: central processing unit, internal memory, external memory, input devices, and output devices.
Input devices mainly include: keyboard, mouse (touch screen), scanner, and microphone. Output devices mainly include: monitors, printers, plotters, speakers, and projectors.
Input devices are used to input raw data and programs for processing these numbers into the computer. The computer can receive a variety of data, including numerical data. , can also be various non-numeric data, and the output device is a general term for a device that sends information from the outside world to the computer and a device that returns processing results to the outside world.
The motherboard is a platform on which various components in the computer work. The CPU, the central processing unit, is the computing core and control core of a computer. Memory is also called internal memory or random access memory. Hard drives are external memories. Mechanical hard drives are made of metal magnetic sheets, and the magnetic sheets have a memory function, so the data on the magnetic sheets will not be lost whether the computer is turned on or off. .
Computer microprocessors (CPUs) use transistors as their basic components. With the continuous improvement of processors and the acceleration of upgrading, computer structures and components will also undergo great changes. With the development of optoelectronic technology, quantum technology and biotechnology, it has greatly promoted the development of computers.
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The main function of the arithmetic unit in computer hardware is to calculate and process data and information. The arithmetic unit includes the following parts: general register, status register, accumulator and key arithmetic logic unit. The arithmetic unit can perform arithmetic calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) and logical operations (AND or NOT).
Computer system software can ensure that the computer runs normally according to the user's wishes. In order to meet the various needs of the user for using the computer, it helps the user manage the computer and maintain resources, execute user commands, control system scheduling and other tasks.
Computer systems are characterized by their ability to perform accurate and fast calculations and judgments, and are versatile, easy to use, and can be connected into a network.
Calculation: Almost all complex calculations can be realized by computers through arithmetic operations and logical operations.
Judgment: Computers have the ability to distinguish different situations and choose different processes, so they can be used in management, control, confrontation, decision-making, reasoning and other fields.
Storage: Computers can store huge amounts of information.
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