A complete microcomputer system should include: hardware system and software system. A computer system is composed of a hardware system and a software system; the former is an organic combination of various physical components composed of electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical and other principles, and is the entity on which the system relies; the latter is a variety of programs and files, which are used to Yu directs the entire system to work according to specified requirements.
#Computer system refers to the computer hardware, software and network system used for database management. Database systems require large-capacity main memory to store and run operating systems, database management system programs, applications, databases, directories, system buffers, etc., while auxiliary storage requires large-capacity direct access devices. In addition, the system should have strong network capabilities.
A machine system that receives and stores information according to human requirements, automatically processes and calculates data, and outputs the resulting information. Computers are an extension and expansion of brainpower and one of the major achievements of modern science.
Characteristics of computer systems
The characteristics of computer systems are that they can perform accurate and rapid calculations and judgments, and are versatile and easy to use. , and can also be connected into a network.
①Calculation: Almost all complex calculations can be realized by computers through arithmetic operations and logical operations.
②Judgment: Computers have the ability to distinguish different situations and choose different processes, so they can be used in management, control, confrontation, decision-making, reasoning and other fields.
③Storage: Computers can store huge amounts of information.
④Accurate: As long as the word length is sufficient, the calculation accuracy is theoretically not limited.
⑤Fast: The time required for a computer operation has been as small as nanoseconds.
⑥General: Computers are programmable, and different programs can implement different applications.
⑦Easy to use: Rich high-performance software and intelligent human-machine interface greatly facilitate use.
⑧Networking: Multiple computer systems can transcend geographical boundaries and share remote information and software resources with the help of communication networks.
Composition of computer system
Computer system consists of hardware (sub) system and software (sub) system. The former is an organic combination of various physical components composed of electricity, magnetism, light, machinery and other principles, and is the entity on which the system relies. The latter are various programs and files used to direct the entire system to work according to specified requirements.
Hardware
The hardware system is mainly composed of central processing unit, memory, input and output control system and various external devices. The central processing unit is the main component for high-speed computing and processing of information, and its processing speed can reach hundreds of millions of operations per second. Memory is used to store programs, data and files, and is often composed of fast internal memory (with a capacity of hundreds of megabytes or even several gigabytes) and slow massive external memory (with a capacity of tens or hundreds of gigabytes). )composition. Various input and output external devices are information converters between humans and machines. The input-output control system manages the exchange of information between the external devices and the main memory (central processing unit).
Software
Software is divided into system software, support software and application software. System software consists of operating system, utility programs, compiler, etc. The operating system implements management and control of various software and hardware resources. Utility programs are designed for user convenience, such as text editing, etc. The function of a compiler is to translate programs written by users in assembly language or some high-level language into machine language programs that are executable by the machine. Supporting software includes interface software, tool software, environment database, etc. It can support the computer environment and provide software development tools. Support software can also be considered as part of the system software. Application software is a special program written by users according to their own needs. It runs with the help of system software and support software and is the outermost layer of the software system.
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