All information access, processing and transmission within the computer are performed in "binary". The representation of data in a computer is the representation of data inside the computer; the reason why binary is used to access, process and transmit data within the computer is because of the characteristics of binary itself: feasibility, simplicity, logic and reliability.
Binary refers to a numbering system based on 2 as the base in mathematics and digital circuits. Using 2 as the base means that the system is binary. In this system, it is usually represented by two different symbols: 0 (representing zero) and 1 (representing one). In digital electronic circuits, the implementation of logic gates directly uses binary, so modern computers and computer-dependent devices all use binary. Each number is called a bit (Bit, short for Binary digit).
The reason why computers use binary to access, process, and transmit data is because of the characteristics of binary itself: feasibility, simplicity, logic, and reliability.
The reason why we use binary for counting in the computer field is because binary has the following advantages:
1) There are only two digits 0 and 1 in binary numbers, and two different stable states can be used. Components represent a single digit. For example, the presence or absence of current in a certain path in the circuit, the level of voltage at a certain node, the turn-on and turn-off of a transistor, etc.
2) Binary number operations are simple, which greatly simplifies the structure of the computing components in calculations.
There are four basic operation rules for addition and multiplication of binary numbers, as follows:
0 0=0, 0 1=1, 1 0=1, 1 1=10
0×0=0, 0×1=0, 1×0=0, 1×1=1
3) Binary is naturally compatible with logical operations.
Extended information
The reason why computers use binary system
First of all, the binary counting system only uses two digits. 0 and 1, so any component with two different stable states can be used to represent a certain bit of the number. In fact, there are many components with two obvious stable states. For example, the "on" and "off" of the neon lamp; the "on" and "off" of the switch; the "high" and "low", "positive" and "negative" of the voltage; the "hole" and "hole" on the paper tape "No holes", "signal" and "no signal" in circuits, north and south poles of magnetic materials, the list goes on. It is easy to use these distinct states to represent numbers. Not only that, but more importantly, the two completely different states are not only quantitatively different, but also qualitatively different. This can greatly improve the machine's anti-interference ability and improve reliability. It is much more difficult to find a simple and reliable device that can represent more than two states.
Secondly, the four arithmetic rules of the binary counting system are very simple. Moreover, the four arithmetic operations can ultimately be reduced to addition operations and shifts. In this way, the arithmetic circuits in electronic computers have become very simple. Not only that, the line is simplified and the speed can be increased. This is also incomparable to the decimal counting system.
Third, using binary representation of numbers in electronic computers can save equipment. It can be theoretically proven that using the ternary system saves the most equipment, followed by the binary system. However, because the binary system has advantages that other binary systems, including the ternary system, do not have, most electronic computers still use the binary system. In addition, since only two symbols "0" and "1" are used in binary, Boolean algebra can be used to analyze and synthesize the logical circuits in the machine. This provides a very useful tool for designing electronic computer circuits.
Fourth, the binary symbols "1" and "0" exactly correspond to "true" and "false" in logical operations, which facilitates computers to perform logical operations.
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